The Complexity of the Health Care System Free Essays

string(268) " to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient \(Henry, 2006\)’ While quality health care is of great importance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care\." The Complexities of the Health Care System and its Future With all that is before us as a society of human beings, health care is far reaching and of the highest attribute next to our existence. Without proper health care life becomes a hollow existence. We push through each day with painful thoughts about life, or what we think we know about it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Complexity of the Health Care System or any similar topic only for you Order Now While we focus on negative feelings of weakness and doom, wishing for better days. Always hoping for a peace that we know will never come in this life without our health. Health care is something everyone is not privilege to have. Billions of people around the world are suffering everyday from lack of proper health care. Unfortunately many have no idea what it is to be healthy, or what it feels like to feel good. They have no idea they are sick, all they know is that they exist. To be numb is what they know, how unfortunate. Here in America, most people know what it is to have a feeling of health, to feel good, mentally, physically and to some extent spiritually. With the existing health care system many are feeling the pains of being sick, no longer able to exist with that feel good spirit. Suffering is becoming the norm, filled with depression more often than not because of their failing health. Not being able to afford adequate health care, which is now far out of their reach, mainly because they can not afford it. They no longer have the health coverage they once had, now having to rely on aide and assistance that is not guaranteed. Their existence is now in the hands of the politicians, government agencies and advocates who now speak for them. We are slowly losing because of the quality of health care that has become a commodity for those who can afford it. Unfortunately everyone is not always entitled to life saving health care with the current system of health care. Can that person who is mentally ill walking the street get adequate health care? What about the homeless person without a place to lay their head at night. Where has quality health care gone, or did we ever really have it? Is there any hope for our future health care system? Although the hospital is of the most appreciated and unfortunately the most maligned and least understood institution in the U. S. ociety, with great regret, the present complexities of the United States health care system will unfortunately and inevitably affect the quality of future health care While the hospital and health care system is one that is very much needed, the maligned and misunderstanding interferes with its nobility. How is it that we live in the 21 century, and have major misunderstanding which we are experiencing within our health care system here in the United State? With all the sta keholders within the U. S. health care industry, it is no wonder we are now facing the complex dilemma in our current health care system. Due to the benchmark developments in U. S. health care, we are now at a standstill with problematic issues. The major influences with the advances and other changes are factors causing the complexities we are facing. With the legislative, political, economical, as well as organizational and professional influences, the once noble stature of the health care industry is now compromised greatly. Unfortunately the ill effects of medical education, technological advances, with rising cost along with changing population demographics, the American values are now being affected. Our major health care institutions – medical schools, groups of specialist physicians, general hospitals, and research organizations – have together overshot the level of patients care actually needed or used by the vast majority of patients: (Christensen, Bohmer, and Kenagy 2000). Our nation spends over 17% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, but does not have the quality of other compared nations no where near that number. Looking back at the history of health care, the puzzling affects of the present out come is all but shocking to most Americans (Sultz, and Young, 2011). Being a $2. 5 trillion dollar industry, medical care is becoming unreachable for many Americans. What has caused this industry to skyrocket is more so due much to independent medical practices and partnership with provider organization, public and nonprofit institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes and other specialized care facilities: along with major private corporations. Dating back to the early American hospitals, they served a different purpose from those of today’s hospitals. Sheltering older adults, the dying, orphans, and vagrants, there purpose was to protect the inhabitants of its community from the contagiously sick and the dangerously insane. It seems there has always been a strained relationship between patients and the hospital, and hospital personnel. The need for information, comfort, and human contact is and has been a common complaint which is rooted in the overall history of medical care. With so much with its history, health care grew from a basket of issues which has now lossomed into what we see today as complex, from doctors and patients, to a personnel of nurses, aides, technicians, and the therapists, along with other hospital staff. With all this complexity and chaos, the once noble attributes of the health care profession has lost most of its qualities’ to misunderstandings and purpose. Malpractice is not an unknown word to the American public, and it is fundamentally correlated to a failure on the part of the physician. Malpra ctice is just one element that indicates patient mistrust in physician disclosure. Patients have turned to other sources and taken more responsibility upon themselves because of evidence or fear that their physician is giving them incomplete information, resulting in an increased number of second opinions being sought and increased referencing of secondary sources. Patient responsibility has increased because of physician failure to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient (Henry, 2006)’ While quality health care is of great importance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care. You read "The Complexity of the Health Care System" in category "Papers" Is the problem within the health care system which is something that can be resolved, or will it being unsolvable for any administration to fix. Quality health care has been interrupted for reasons that baffle most Americans. Not being able to understand the any reason we as a country can not work this major issue with health care to some balance. Since the government stepped into health care, the door has been left open for many other mandates to enter. In spite of the history of the hospital, the need for quality care has been paramount, dating as far back as the early 19th century. Hospitals were noted for being disgraceful, dirty, unventilated, and the lack of medical care was a real issue for quality health care, these issues were not publicly known. The quality at this time was very bad, which lead to the need for some type of health care reform, with hope to bring about a better quality of health care. Families that could obtain home medical or nursing care shunned hospitals, with this quality health care came about mostly through religious order. With its deplorable conditions, hospital care in early America was more of charity and public responsibility. With all the negative attributes surrounding the hospital environment, physicians saw the need to separate patients accordingly. This was the time the hospital was given its name. As rewarding as it may have seemed, the physicians had their own motives for why they did what they did. The now transformed hospital from the simple, charitable institutions to the complex, technical organizations was sparked by a parallel growth of private hospital insurance. Many of the sources that shaped the hospital industry varied from health insurance to the beginning of Medicare and Medicaid, bringing the legislative contribution to its fiscal well-being. With the increase of hospitals there also came the business of health care. The quality of health car came into question. With the hospital now becoming big business, all areas of its administration came into scrutiny. These problems began to supersede the quality of patient care. In deed without proper health care, our society would suffer a greater loss than it has. Proper health care is necessary for any society to thrive. Having the legal, ethical and regulatory aspects are important for its well being. The necessary financial systems and the impact on access to service are also required to bring about the quality as delivery. Many people may ask what proper health care is. Is there such a thing, and who would be entitle to proper health care that is a question that has yet to be answered and still debated over, causing much unrest and chaos. Being the many viewpoints about health care brings about the subjectivity of its true purpose. With the evolution and development of the present complex health care system, its development has come from sources due to an evolution of vary complicated issues. The current health care system along with poor management, has added to its history of strained development. With so much to say about the history of the now complex health care system, libraries could be built to hold its books. The early years of health care was challenged with mind sets as well s the stigma of those who needed medical attention. With the understanding of the characteristics and organization, along with the major private and governmental insurance initiatives, is an important factor which largely contributed to the centrality of hospitals within the health care system. Being there are diverse functions in the hospital, its’ staff and mostly management, add not only to the strain but the complexity with health care. The importance of patient care is being compromise with quality due to the battle within the system. The relationship between staff and patents suffers greatly with the pressures that are mandate by management. With all this being said, patients have a responsibility as well to the outcome of their treatment and patient care. The patient rights are known to have been violated from the early history of patient care. As the evolution and development of the health care system grew form its noble purpose, the conglomeration of the many stakeholders has contributed to lost trust with all aspects of this complex system in health care. When one speaks about the quality of care in hospitals, major debates often develop based on its interpretation of what quality is, and how it should be delivered. Health care has turned into a business platform that has much concern as to its promised future of adequate patient care. The question arises; can quality care be given within health care reform. Much is said to the fact that just because one has insurance does not equate to health care access. Access to a waiting list is not health care. When patients are denied access to a doctor or practitioner then it becomes incomplete health care. With the comparison to other countries health care system, come the question, why those of us who live in a wealthy country, suffers from inadequate health care. This also is a major focus point that is being argued. Some of the argument surrounds the issues of primary care and what does it Intel along with who should provide primary care versus specialty care. Of course it has been stated that Americans will never accept a system like they have in Canada or the U. K. Unfortunately patients become the victims of competition. Hospitals do not have patients; doctors have patients, referring them to the hospital of their choosing. Many of the complex issues have evolved form mismanagement of what health care, patient care, and the adequate structuring of the hospital is meant to be. Over the years of its development much has been misinterpreted as to the healthy organization of its purpose. The quality of care now provided in hospitals is so much in question that the many patients fear they will not receive the care they need. More so they are no longer view as human beings with needs, but number and dollars. These are only some of the many reasons why there is a need for health care reform which would enforce and influence hospital economics, service patterns and provider relationships. According to an article written by James Morone, The health care reforms that President Barack Obama signed into law in March 2010 had been in the making seventy-five years since Franklin D. Roosevelt. U. S . presidents has struggled to enact national health care reform: unfortunately most failed. The article explored the highly charged political landscape in which Obama maneuvered and the skills he brought to bear. It contrasts his accomplishments with the experiences of his oval office predecessors. Going forward, implementation poses formidable challenges for democrats, republicans, and the political process itself (Morone 2010 1). Adding to the development and mismanagement is a process swarming with special interest that has been noted to be powered by big money. Being that the anxiety is so overwhelming with the formatting of adequate health care; no management of reform can be administered without a deep investment. Being noted that president Obama demonstrated a care for health care reform that far exceeds his cool demeanor suggests. President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew e would not be able to get national health care insurance through congress unless he took the idea to the people first. He flirted with making health care his nest great political crusade as World War II came to an end. A plan was being prepared by his advisers, but unfortunately he died before the end of the war. The health reform effort fell into the hands of President Harry Truman, and every subsequent president. Only until the recent victory of President Obama in the health care reform did one president succeed in their efforts to accomplish some aspect of health care. President Lyndon Johnson managed to enact major new health care programs, in the form of Medicare and Medicaid (Morone 2010. 2). The now health care reform enacted by President Obama is viewed by many, mostly democrats as a historic achievement. In spite of the victory that is said to be in order, many still argue the factors involved. The comparisons of other countries are still being used to compare factors with the focus on health care systems. With physicians believing they are the ones to judge the quality of hospital medical care adds to the issues involving health care management. Among so many other components that foster the ever evolving cycle of health care management brings about major concerns. With mismanaged health care, future health care will surely suffer the cost. S often we look to solutions to fix major problems within our society, and yet we continue to add more hard to understand perplexing uncertainties than we started with. Within the health care system which dates back to the beginning of what seemed to be simple compliances to health care issues, are now multiplex issues. These issues have grabbed the attention of not only the government sector, but political entities that now govern the health care industries with long term care being the main agenda. With health care, and many factors influencing the increasing demand for long term care service in the changing demographics, along with technology, major changes are being anticipated. Unfortunately it has come to a point where the increased scrutiny within the federal and state government sectors of the finance involving issues are before congress. The major mismanagement in health care, are real and troubling concerns to most Americans, especially those who are being affected by new polices and mandates. Long-term care historically began as an in home environment with almshouses and sanitariums. After the great depression and post WWI, citizens decided to run small nursing homes in order to pay mortgages and find an income source. Not until the 1950s when government grants spurned development of the nursing home sector, did the boom in the industry occurred. The next large impact in long term care would come in the 1960s with the advent of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements (Sultz and Young, 2011). Long term care is rally a term that defines a wide array of services, within, but not limited to skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes, continual care, assisted living, home health; hospice, respite care, and others are termed long term care. This allows the industry to respond to the individuals needs of the person requiring the services and match their level of independence or dependence with an environment most suitable conducive to their potential (Sultz and Young 2011). With the future goal of long term care being to reduce waste and become more efficient in order to provide quality care and incentives for operational responsibility, and customer service, there must be available the push to move the market forward. There are still many barriers that we face before this end is met, before we can compare and contrast the past history of long term health care, which of course will be a challenge that hopefully will take us into a future health care system that will provide all the necessary amenities that will produce the ideal health care system desired. Knowing that is far from coming, all we can do is promote the best possible manage care without the barriers that have existed. With retrospect to the similarities of Canada and the United States, the two countries had similar health care systems. However, since passage of the Canada Health Act in the 1970s, that nations health statistics have become increasingly superior. Canada’s health care system costs are higher by international standards, hey are much lower than U. S. cost. The factors most likely to be responsible for Canada’s better health care at a lower cost would be: universal financial coverage through a so called single payer features conducive to a strong primary infrastructure, and provincial autonomy under general principles set by national law (Starfield 2010). Although old enough to have become stable, Canada’s health reform efforts are relatively recent. This being in contrast to the historical foots of health systems in many western industrialized countries. The provincially based Canadian health care system, limited private insurance, public insurance plans, practices and health centers, cost, care seeking, availability of technology, and use of service. These areas are among the more prominent features that bring Canada’s health system to the front. With Canada’s experiences it shows how these critical features of the health system can be achieved in the context of a federal structure with decentralized administrative control. Although Canada has achieved better, or what appears to be a better health level than the United States, which it has for many decades, the gap has widened overtime, following the development of the different provincial plans that culminated in national legislation in the early 1970s (Starfield, 2010). What this is leading to is: if, the health care system continues to demonstrate gross mismanagement, and if the political dominance that is now existing, with the unsuccessful organizational structure it has, the inevitable outcome is more than likely to happen. The quality of future health care will suffer greatly. With so much at sake with our system of health care, the future quality of health care will be jeopardized without recourse. If reform is not properly implemented given all the information that has been provided, needed a stable health care system is only a wish. Many questions are still unanswered as to the reform necessary to provide quality patient health for the future. According to the article Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world, a cycle of unsustainable spending growth followed by fervent cost containment initiatives has been a regular feature of the health care landscape for the past half-century (Anderson, Hussey, Froger and waters, 2005). In conclusion, with health care being one of the major concerns world-wide, Americans must focus on what is best for all oppositions before us. With political as well as governmental mismanagement and the fact that so many Americans are unemployed without adequate health care insurance or health care, it poses a real threat to future stability for a stable economy as far as health care is concern. With the large amount of misunderstanding concerning the current health care system with its maligned characteristics, the future quality of health care for patients will ultimately be left to chance. Dependence on sound management for patient care is of utmost importance for a solid health care system to exist. The nobility of the once thought to be health care system, has now been affected by an aggressive political agenda which is one of the many factors involving the current failed, and complex health care system. With interference from so many stakeholders, the quality of health care is failing in major areas that is damaging to our society as a whole. Quality health care is of great importance to the existed of a well balanced society. With the openly and hidden agenda superseding quality health care, America is falling behind in a race for adequate health care for its population. As stated before, without the necessary health care, our future society will fail to exist as it does today. The source that contributes to the evolution of a very complex system poses an unfortunate future for all of us in America, without some major resolutions to its complexities. The strain that has existed thus far can not continue to exist. I believe that we can resolve most of our health care issues if we leave out much of the political agenda that has driven the chaos that we are now experiencing with health care. After complete examination and comparison with the quality of other industrialized nations, much could be accomplished her in the U. S. This would assure all citizens quality health care and possible a peace of mind. With political dominance no longer a major factor guiding the health care reform or its organizational structure a future health care system has a greater chance of existing. Minimizing the risk so that the future system will not be jeopardized as it has been. A stable health care system can be developed with less problematic issues. Patient care can be of a higher quality, access can be attainable, and delivery possible. The respect of a noble health care system will truly exist one day. References Christensen, C. M. , Bohmer, R. , and Kenagy, J. (2000). Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harvard Business Review, p. 1-10. Retrieved from EBSCO database Genard F. Anderson, Peter S. Hussy, Bianca K. Frogner and Hugh R. Waters (2005). Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world: Health Affairs, 24. No 4 (2005): 903-914 doi: 10. 377/hlthaff. 24. 4. 903 Henry, M. S. (2006). Uncertainty, responsibility, and the evolution of the physician/patient relationship. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32(6) 321-323 doi: 10. 1136/jme 2005. 013 987 Morone, J. A. (2010) Presidents and health reform: From Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama. Health Affairs, 29(6), 1096-1100. Retrieved from the proQuest database. Starfield, B. (2010). Reinventing primary care: Lessons from Canada for the Unite d States. Health Affairs, 29(5), 1030-1036, Retrieved from the proQuest database. Sultz, H. and Young, K. (2011). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett. . The Complexities of the Health Care System and its Future With all that is before us as a society of human beings, health care is far reaching and of the highest attribute next to our existence. Without proper health care life becomes a hollow existence. We push through each day with painful thoughts about life, or what we think we know about it. While we focus on negative feelings of weakness and doom, wishing for better days. Always hoping for a peace that we know will never come in this life without our health. Health care is something everyone is not privilege to have. Billions of people around the world are suffering everyday from lack of proper health care. Unfortunately many have no idea what it is to be healthy, or what it feels like to feel good. They have no idea they are sick, all they know is that they exist. To be numb is what they know, how unfortunate. Here in America, most people know what it is to have a feeling of health, to feel good, mentally, physically and to some extent spiritually. With the existing health care system many are feeling the pains of being sick, no longer able to exist with that feel good spirit. Suffering is becoming the norm, filled with depression more often than not because of their failing health. Not being able to afford adequate health care, which is now far out of their reach, mainly because they can not afford it. They no longer have the health coverage they once had, now having to rely on aide and assistance that is not guaranteed. Their existence is now in the hands of the politicians, government agencies and advocates who now speak for them. We are slowly losing because of the quality of health care that has become a commodity for those who can afford it. Unfortunately everyone is not always entitled to life saving health care with the current system of health care. Can that person who is mentally ill walking the street get adequate health care? What about the homeless person without a place to lay their head at night. Where has quality health care gone, or did we ever really have it? Is there any hope for our future health care system? Although the hospital is of the most appreciated and unfortunately the most maligned and least understood institution in the U. S. society, with great regret, the present complexities of the United States health care system will unfortunately and inevitably affect the quality of future health care While the hospital and health care system is one that is very much needed, the maligned and misunderstanding interferes with its nobility. How is it that we live in the 21 century, and have major misunderstanding which we are experiencing within our health care system here in the United State? With all the stakeholders within the U. S. health care industry, it is no wonder we are now facing the complex dilemma in our current health care system. Due to the benchmark developments in U. S. health care, we are now at a standstill with problematic issues. The major influences with the advances and other changes are factors causing the complexities we are facing. With the legislative, political, economical, as well as organizational and professional influences, the once noble stature of the health care industry is now compromised greatly. Unfortunately the ill effects of medical education, technological advances, with rising cost along with changing population demographics, the American values are now being affected. Our major health care institutions – medical schools, groups of specialist physicians, general hospitals, and research organizations – have together overshot the level of patients care actually needed or used by the vast majority of patients: (Christensen, Bohmer, and Kenagy 2000). Our nation spends over 17% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, but does not have the quality of other compared nations no where near that number. Looking back at the history of health care, the puzzling affects of the present out come is all but shocking to most Americans (Sultz, and Young, 2011). Being a $2. 5 trillion dollar industry, medical care is becoming unreachable for many Americans. What has caused this industry to skyrocket is more so due much to independent medical practices and partnership with provider organization, public and nonprofit institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes and other specialized care facilities: along with major private corporations. Dating back to the early American hospitals, they served a different purpose from those of today’s hospitals. Sheltering older adults, the dying, orphans, and vagrants, there purpose was to protect the inhabitants of its community from the contagiously sick and the dangerously insane. It seems there has always been a strained relationship between patients and the hospital, and hospital personnel. The need for information, comfort, and human contact is and has been a common complaint which is rooted in the overall history of medical care. With so much with its history, health care grew from a basket of issues which has now blossomed into what we see today as complex, from doctors and patients, to a personnel of nurses, aides, technicians, and the therapists, along with other hospital staff. With all this complexity and chaos, the once noble attributes of the health care profession has lost most of its qualities’ to misunderstandings and purpose. Malpractice is not an unknown word to the American public, and it is fundamentally correlated to a failure on the part of the physician. Malpractice is just one element that indicates patient mistrust in physician disclosure. Patients have turned to other sources and taken more responsibility upon themselves because of evidence or fear that their physician is giving them incomplete information, resulting in an increased number of second opinions being sought and increased referencing of secondary sources. Patient responsibility has increased because of physician failure to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient (Henry, 2006)’ While quality health care is of great importance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care. Is the problem within the health care system which is something that can be resolved, or will it being unsolvable for any administration to fix. Quality health care has been interrupted for reasons that baffle most Americans. Not being able to understand the any reason we as a country can not work this major issue with health care to some balance. Since the government stepped into health care, the door has been left open for many other mandates to enter. In spite of the history of the hospital, the need for quality care has been paramount, dating as far back as the early 19th century. Hospitals were noted for being disgraceful, dirty, unventilated, and the lack of medical care was a real issue for quality health care, these issues were not publicly known. The quality at this time was very bad, which lead to the need for some type of health care reform, with hope to bring about a better quality of health care. Families that could obtain home medical or nursing care shunned hospitals, with this quality health care came about mostly through religious order. With its deplorable conditions, hospital care in early America was more of charity and public responsibility. With all the negative attributes surrounding the hospital environment, physicians saw the need to separate patients accordingly. This was the time the hospital was given its name. As rewarding as it may have seemed, the physicians had their own motives for why they did what they did. The now transformed hospital from the simple, charitable institutions to the complex, technical organizations was sparked by a parallel growth of private hospital insurance. Many of the sources that shaped the hospital industry varied from health insurance to the beginning of Medicare and Medicaid, bringing the legislative contribution to its fiscal well-being. With the increase of hospitals there also came the business of health care. The quality of health car came into question. With the hospital now becoming big business, all areas of its administration came into scrutiny. These problems began to supersede the quality of patient care. In deed without proper health care, our society would suffer a greater loss than it has. Proper health care is necessary for any society to thrive. Having the legal, ethical and regulatory aspects are important for its well being. The necessary financial systems and the impact on access to service are also required to bring about the quality as delivery. Many people may ask what proper health care is. Is there such a thing, and who would be entitle to proper health care that is a question that has yet to be answered and still debated over, causing much unrest and chaos. Being the many viewpoints about health care brings about the subjectivity of its true purpose. With the evolution and development of the present complex health care system, its development has come from sources due to an evolution of vary complicated issues. The current health care system along with poor management, has added to its history of strained development. With so much to say about the history of the now complex health care system, libraries could be built to hold its books. The early years of health care was challenged with mind sets as well s the stigma of those who needed medical attention. With the understanding of the characteristics and organization, along with the major private and governmental insurance initiatives, is an important factor which largely contributed to the centrality of hospitals within the health care system. Being there are diverse functions in the hospital, its’ staff and mostly management, add not only to the strain but the complexity with health care. The importance of patient care is being compromise with quality due to the battle within the system. The relationship between staff and patents suffers greatly with the pressures that are mandate by management. With all this being said, patients have a responsibility as well to the outcome of their treatment and patient care. The patient rights are known to have been violated from the early history of patient care. As the evolution and development of the health care system grew form its noble purpose, the conglomeration of the many stakeholders has contributed to lost trust with all aspects of this complex system in health care. When one speaks about the quality of care in hospitals, major debates often develop based on its interpretation of what quality is, and how it should be delivered. Health care has turned into a business platform that has much concern as to its promised future of adequate patient care. The question arises; can quality care be given within health care reform. Much is said to the fact that just because one has insurance does not equate to health care access. Access to a waiting list is not health care. When patients are denied access to a doctor or practitioner then it becomes incomplete health care. With the comparison to other countries health care system, come the question, why those of us who live in a wealthy country, suffers from inadequate health care. This also is a major focus point that is being argued. Some of the argument surrounds the issues of primary care and what does it Intel along with who should provide primary care versus specialty care. Of course it has been stated that Americans will never accept a system like they have in Canada or the U. K. Unfortunately patients become the victims of competition. Hospitals do not have patients; doctors have patients, referring them to the hospital of their choosing. Many of the complex issues have evolved form mismanagement of what health care, patient care, and the adequate structuring of the hospital is meant to be. Over the years of its development much has been misinterpreted as to the healthy organization of its purpose. The quality of care now provided in hospitals is so much in question that the many patients fear they will not receive the care they need. More so they are no longer view as human beings with needs, but number and dollars. These are only some of the many reasons why there is a need for health care reform which would enforce and influence hospital economics, service patterns and provider relationships. According to an article written by James Morone, The health care reforms that President Barack Obama signed into law in March 2010 had been in the making seventy-five years since Franklin D. Roosevelt. U. S . presidents has struggled to enact national health care reform: unfortunately most failed. The article explored the highly charged political landscape in which Obama maneuvered and the skills he brought to bear. It contrasts his accomplishments with the experiences of his oval office predecessors. Going forward, implementation poses formidable challenges for democrats, republicans, and the political process itself (Morone 2010 1). Adding to the development and mismanagement is a process swarming with special interest that has been noted to be powered by big money. Being that the anxiety is so overwhelming with the formatting of adequate health care; no management of reform can be administered without a deep investment. Being noted that president Obama demonstrated a care for health care reform that far exceeds his cool demeanor suggests. President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew e would not be able to get national health care insurance through congress unless he took the idea to the people first. He flirted with making health care his nest great political crusade as World War II came to an end. A plan was being prepared by his advisers, but unfortunately he died before the end of the war. The health reform effort fell into the hands of President Harry Truman, and every subsequent president. Only until the recent victory of President Obama in the health care reform did one president succeed in their efforts to accomplish some aspect of health care. President Lyndon Johnson managed to enact major new health care programs, in the form of Medicare and Medicaid (Morone 2010. 2). The now health care reform enacted by President Obama is viewed by many, mostly democrats as a historic achievement. In spite of the victory that is said to be in order, many still argue the factors involved. The comparisons of other countries are still being used to compare factors with the focus on health care systems. With physicians believing they are the ones to judge the quality of hospital medical care adds to the issues involving health care management. Among so many other components that foster the ever evolving cycle of health care management brings about major concerns. With mismanaged health care, future health care will surely suffer the cost. S often we look to solutions to fix major problems within our society, and yet we continue to add more hard to understand perplexing uncertainties than we started with. Within the health care system which dates back to the beginning of what seemed to be simple compliances to health care issues, are now multiplex issues. These issues have grabbed the attention of not only the government sector, but political entities that now govern the health care industries with long term care being the main agenda. With health care, and many factors influencing the increasing demand for long term care service in the changing demographics, along with technology, major changes are being anticipated. Unfortunately it has come to a point where the increased scrutiny within the federal and state government sectors of the finance involving issues are before congress. The major mismanagement in health care, are real and troubling concerns to most Americans, especially those who are being affected by new polices and mandates. Long-term care historically began as an in home environment with almshouses and sanitariums. After the great depression and post WWI, citizens decided to run small nursing homes in order to pay mortgages and find an income source. Not until the 1950s when government grants spurned development of the nursing home sector, did the boom in the industry occurred. The next large impact in long term care would come in the 1960s with the advent of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements (Sultz and Young, 2011). Long term care is rally a term that defines a wide array of services, within, but not limited to skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes, continual care, assisted living, home health; hospice, respite care, and others are termed long term care. This allows the industry to respond to the individuals needs of the person requiring the services and match their level of independence or dependence with an environment most suitable conducive to their potential (Sultz and Young 2011). With the future goal of long term care being to reduce waste and become more efficient in order to provide quality care and incentives for operational responsibility, and customer service, there must be available the push to move the market forward. There are still many barriers that we face before this end is met, before we can compare and contrast the past history of long term health care, which of course will be a challenge that hopefully will take us into a future health care system that will provide all the necessary amenities that will produce the ideal health care system desired. Knowing that is far from coming, all we can do is promote the best possible manage care without the barriers that have existed. With retrospect to the similarities of Canada and the United States, the two countries had similar health care systems. However, since passage of the Canada Health Act in the 1970s, that nations health statistics have become increasingly superior. Canada’s health care system costs are higher by international standards, hey are much lower than U. S. cost. The factors most likely to be responsible for Canada’s better health care at a lower cost would be: universal financial coverage through a so called single payer features conducive to a strong primary infrastructure, and provincial autonomy under general principles set by national law (Starfield 2010). Although old enough to have become stable, Canada’s health reform efforts are relatively recent. This being in contrast to the historical foots of health systems in many western industrialized countries. The provincially based Canadian health care system, limited private insurance, public insurance plans, practices and health centers, cost, care seeking, availability of technology, and use of service. These areas are among the more prominent features that bring Canada’s health system to the front. With Canada’s experiences it shows how these critical features of the health system can be achieved in the context of a federal structure with decentralized administrative control. Although Canada has achieved better, or what appears to be a better health level than the United States, which it has for many decades, the gap has widened overtime, following the development of the different provincial plans that culminated in national legislation in the early 1970s (Starfield, 2010). What this is leading to is: if, the health care system continues to demonstrate gross mismanagement, and if the political dominance that is now existing, with the unsuccessful organizational structure it has, the inevitable outcome is more than likely to happen. The quality of future health care will suffer greatly. With so much at sake with our system of health care, the future quality of health care will be jeopardized without recourse. If reform is not properly implemented given all the information that has been provided, needed a stable health care system is only a wish. Many questions are still unanswered as to the reform necessary to provide quality patient health for the future. According to the article Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world, a cycle of unsustainable spending growth followed by fervent cost containment initiatives has been a regular feature of the health care landscape for the past half-century (Anderson, Hussey, Froger and waters, 2005). In conclusion, with health care being one of the major concerns world-wide, Americans must focus on what is best for all oppositions before us. With political as well as governmental mismanagement and the fact that so many Americans are unemployed without adequate health care insurance or health care, it poses a real threat to future stability for a stable economy as far as health care is concern. With the large amount of misunderstanding concerning the current health care system with its maligned characteristics, the future quality of health care for patients will ultimately be left to chance. Dependence on sound management for patient care is of utmost importance for a solid health care system to exist. The nobility of the once thought to be health care system, has now been affected by an aggressive political agenda which is one of the many factors involving the current failed, and complex health care system. With interference from so many stakeholders, the quality of health care is failing in major areas that is damaging to our society as a whole. Quality health care is of great importance to the existed of a well balanced society. With the openly and hidden agenda superseding quality health care, America is falling behind in a race for adequate health care for its population. As stated before, without the necessary health care, our future society will fail to exist as it does today. The source that contributes to the evolution of a very complex system poses an unfortunate future for all of us in America, without some major resolutions to its complexities. The strain that has existed thus far can not continue to exist. I believe that we can resolve most of our health care issues if we leave out much of the political agenda that has driven the chaos that we are now experiencing with health care. After complete examination and comparison with the quality of other industrialized nations, much could be accomplished her in the U. S. This would assure all citizens quality health care and possible a peace of mind. With political dominance no longer a major factor guiding the health care reform or its organizational structure a future health care system has a greater chance of existing. Minimizing the risk so that the future system will not be jeopardized as it has been. A stable health care system can be developed with less problematic issues. Patient care can be of a higher quality, access can be attainable, and delivery possible. The respect of a noble health care system will truly exist one day. References Christensen, C. M. , Bohmer, R. , and Kenagy, J. (2000). Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harvard Business Review, p. 1-10. Retrieved from EBSCO database Genard F. Anderson, Peter S. Hussy, Bianca K. Frogner and Hugh R. Waters (2005). Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world: Health Affairs, 24. No 4 (2005): 903-914 doi: 10. 1377/hlthaff. 24. 4. 903 Henry, M. S. (2006). Uncertainty, responsibility, and the evolution of the physician/patient relationship. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32(6) 321-323 doi: 10. 1136/jme 2005. 013 987 Morone, J. A. (2010) Presidents and health reform: From Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama. Health Affairs, 29(6), 1096-1100. Retrieved from the proQuest database. Starfield, B. (2010). Reinventing primary care: Lessons from Canada for the United States. Health Affairs, 29(5), 1030-1036, Retrieved from the proQuest database. Sultz, H. and Young, K. (2011). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett. . How to cite The Complexity of the Health Care System, Papers

Holden Caulfield Essay Example For Students

Holden Caulfield Essay Holden Caulfield, is portrayed in Catcher in the Rye as an adolescent boy struggling to find his own identity, possesses many characteristics that easily link him to the typical teenager. Holden s actions are those that any teenager can clearly relate to. The desire for independence, the sexually related encounters, and the questioning of ones religion are issues that almost all teens have had or will have to deal with in their adolescent years. The novel and its main character s experiences can easily be related to and will forever link Holden with every member of society, because everyone in the world was or will be a teen sometime in their life. The first and most obvious characteristic found in most teens, including Holden, would be the desire for independence. Throughout the novel, Holden is not once found wishing to have his parents help in any way. He has practically lived his entire life in dorms at prestigious schools, and has learned quite well how to be on his own. Every teenager tries, in his or her own way, to be independent. Instead of admitting to ones parents of a wrongful deed, the teen tries covering up the mistake or avoiding it in hopes that they won t get in any trouble. They feel that they have enough intelligence to think through a problem without going to their parents for help. When Holden hears the news that he has been expelled from Pency, he thinks that his parents would not know of this for a few days. Therefore, he would wait from Saturday all the way to Wednesday, let his parents â€Å"get it and thoroughly digest it†, and then face the consequences, which will more than likely be less severe after his parents calmed down. Well come on, many people including teachers have done things like that right? He states on page fifty-one, â€Å"I didn t want to be around when they first got it. My mother gets very hysterical. She s not too bad after she gets something thoroughly digested, though. † In taking the independent route, Holden does not look for sympathy or help from either of his parents. He feels that he can deal with his situation by waiting until the next school year in order to apply himself a little better. Another characteristic of a teenager, usually of the male gender, would be the widespread subject of sex, or something having to do with the boy code as everyone knows, during and after puberty, we males have a stronger desire to fantasize about and perform sexual acts. Holden is no different. Although Holden honestly states to the reader that he is a virgin, he still has encounters associated with sexual activity. First, Holden actually obtains a prostitute during a brief stay at a hotel room. Holden never has sexual intercourse with this woman, but it does show that he is a teenager looking for affection and pleasure, in other words action. Also, he said that he had plenty of opportunities to â€Å"give the time† to other woman, but he never quite knew how to do it while on a date. Holden is much like the average teen in this regard. The media and other primary sources in teens lives have taken an interest in sex, and have made it seem like it is the greatest thing known to mankind, Maxim, Cosmo are just some of the titles that exemplify how great sex is. Most teenagers find it slightly embarrassing to admit to being a virgin, mainly due to the fact that they think everyone is doing it; which is clearly false. Teenagers want to experience and experiment with sex, and even if they choose to not have sex until marriage, they will fantasize about it. This is yet another example of the similarities in which Holden and the typical teen share. Sex and religion almost go hand in hand today amongst the teenage population. Do teens wait for marriage like the Bible insists or should teens defy the rules outlined by the Bible and have sex before they are married? .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f , .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .postImageUrl , .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f , .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f:hover , .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f:visited , .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f:active { border:0!important; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f:active , .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b68a1987890b49f46978bf48935cd6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeless: What Has Been Done To Decrease The Probl EssayAlthough the novel doesn t quite refer to sex in a religious sense it is a good example of choices teens are forced to make. Teens, along with many other members of society, don t agree with every guideline that the Bible sets out for them. They have to decide how large of a role religion is going to play in their lives. Holden says that he, in some ways, is â€Å"an atheist. † He sometimes prays to Jesus, and yet other times he feels like he just cannot pray because of his likes, dislikes, and indifferent views of the church. This can be related to many teenagers, for religion is not always an easy subject, as we discussed in class. We teens sometimes feel that not all information of a particular religion is completely true. Some teens toy with the fact that their faith, if they have one, is actually factual. Take the Disciples, for instance. They annoy the hell out of me, if you want to know the truth. They were all right after Jesus was dead and all, but while He was alive, they were about as much use to Him as a hole in the head. He has many questions, as does all of society on some contradicting issues concerning religion. As seen in these previous examples, Holden Caulfield truly resembles the typical teen. He has gone through the same situations, encountered many of the same problems, and he also has acted in similar ways as the average teen. Teenage adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. In this period, we all experience development both physically and emotionally, that is what being a teen is all about.

Walt Disney History Essay Example For Students

Walt Disney History Essay When people think of animated cartoons, one name immediately comes to mindWalt Disney. He is the most popular and known animator in the world. He wasnt successful at the beginning of his career but he was a taskmaker andentrepreneur. Walts hard work and entrepreneurship made the worlds bestpopular cartoon character Mickey Mouse. As an animator and an ownerof Disney Corporation, he made a lot of influences in past and present days. Hereby the importance of his life and influences will be discussed, in a ageorder. First of all, Walter Elias Disney was born in Chicago, Illinois, onDecember 5th, 1901, the fourth kid of five children of Elias and Flora Disney. We will write a custom essay on Walt Disney History specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The family often moved from place to place because of Walts father Elias. Hetried his hand successively as a farmer, a businessman, an orange grower, acarpenter and But he expected all members of his family, no matter howyoung, to spend most of their waking hours working for him without anycompensation. During Walts childhood and adolescence, Elias operated a farm inMarceline, Missouri. It was there that Walt spent his early years and developedhis interest in drawing. In 1910 the family moved again, this time to KansasCity. There he enrolled in art classes at the Kansas City Art Institute. In 1917the family moved again, this time back to Chicago. In Chicago, Walt joined RedCross unit and spent nine months as a ambulance driver in France at the end ofWorld War I. After Walt Disney returned from France in 1919, he decided to makeart his career. He soon joined the staff of the Kansas City Film AdvertisingCompany, which was producing a simple type of animation. He and a colleague,Ubbe I werks, learned enough about animation to try doing some of their own. Theyformed a company called Laugh-O-Gram Films. The company made fun of localproblem and scandals in cartoon form. They sold well enough to give Walt andIwerks the courage to go into business for themselves. But the Laugh-O-Gramsdidnt hold Walts interest very long. He had a new idea to try, which wasillustrating updated fairy tales in series of cartoons. The cartoons he andIwerks produced were not bad, but Walt never got paid for hid films. Walt thenstarted on a new fresh project, a series of funny story featuring a girl actressand animated characters. He called it Alices Wonderland. Money wasso scarce that he couldnt even pay for the rent. With such meager fund all hecould produce was a pilot film for the Alice series. He thought Kansas City wasnot the place that earns much money, so he decided to move to California. In1923, Walt Disney moved to California, and began Walt Disney Production with hisbrother Roy Dis ney and a colleague, Ubbe Iwerks. After five year of makingsilent cartoons, he produced SteamBoat Willie, the first cartoon to usesynchronized sound1. In 1928 Walt Disney created a cartoon MickeyMouse by using his own voice. Disneys success in Mickey Mouseled to the film series called Silly Symphonies, which was introducedin 1929 and first used color in 1932. Soon full color Disney cartoons wasproduced, such as Three Little Pigs and The Tortoise and theHare. These two films even won academy awards. 1930s brought fame andsuccesses to Walt Disney as a creator of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Pluto,Minnie Mouse, and Goofy. These characters not only appeared in cartoons but alsoon merchandise items licensed by Disney Production. In 1937 the Walt DisneyProduction Studio produced the worlds first animated feature film SnowWhite and Seven Dwarfs. Then came Pinocchio and Fantasia in1940, Dumbo in 1941, and Bambie in 1942. Song ofthe South in 1946, used cartoon characters with live actors. All of thesefilms were successful. During World War II the Walt Disney Production Studiodesigned military insignias and made training films for the United States armedforces. After the war Walt Disney continued to make animated films, such asAlice in Wonderland in 1951, Peter Pan in 1953, andThe Jungle Book in 1967. He also turned to live-action films such asTreasure Island in 1950 and 20,000 Leagues Under the Seain 1954. Moving into totally new area, Walt Disney opened Disneyland in Anaheim,California, in 1955. He had wanted to design an amusement park where familiescould have fun together. Disneyland had exciting rides and attractions but wasalso spotlessly clean and run by smiling, friendly employees. The parkeventually came to be one of the most popular tourist attractions in the UnitedStates and may be in the world, too. During the next ten years, Disney added newattractions to Disneyland while continuing to make the films the whole familycould enjoy. Marry Poppins, in 1964, is con sidered by many to be thepinnacle of his filmmaking career. Disney won a record 32 Academy Awards for histechnical innovations ideas in film. Walt Disney also pioneered the productionof feature films for television. Some of these appeared on his weekly seriesThe Mickey Mouse Club (1955-59) and on Walt DisneysWonderful World of Color, which aired, under several titles for 29seasons. Shows prepared for New York Worlds Fair in 1964 enabled Disney to showoff his Audio-Animatronics figures in such attractions as Its a SmallWorld and Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln. The life likefigure of Abraham Lincoln, which recited passages from his speeches, neverceased to amaze fairgoers. Walt Disney never rested. Even as he died, onDecember 15th, 1966, he was planning for a whole new Walt Disney World vacationkingdome in Florida, and EPCOT. It is an experimental prototype community oftomorrow. It is a fun area consists of a showcase, a recreation of foreigncities, spread like fan around lagoon. On the other side of water, the world offuture is dominated by a 180-foot geodesic sphere, and Spaceship Earth. Thesphere is is surrounded by a number of pavilions housing entertaining displaysof future possibilities in the fields of energy, transportation, agriculture,mariculture2, and technology. Spaceship Earth is devoted to information andcommunications from dinosaur time to the 21st century. In conclusion, WalterElias Disney was a great taskmaster full of innovative ideas. In his lifetime hemade so many movies and cartoons that play important role in childrens life. .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec , .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .postImageUrl , .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec , .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec:hover , .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec:visited , .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec:active { border:0!important; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec:active , .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua447c709df20a5d1a3a1f82fca6792ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marx and smith EssayAlso he played important role in the development of animation and film. Even nowmost people remembers him, because animation computer designers of Walt DisneyProduction are keeps remaking Walt old films and cartoons. Even-though he died,he still plays important role in our society, today.

The Role of Secession in the American Civil War

The Role of Secession in the American Civil War The Civil War was a fight to preserve the Union which was the United States of America. From the conception of the Constitution, there were two differing opinions on the role of the federal government. Federalists believed that the federal government and the executive needed to maintain their power in order to ensure the survival of the union. On the other hand, anti-federalists held that states should retain much of their sovereignty within the new nation. Basically, they believed that each state should have the right to determine the laws within its own borders and should not be forced to follow the mandates of the federal government unless absolutely necessary. As time passed the rights of the states would often collide with various actions the federal government was taking. Arguments arose over taxation, tariffs, internal improvements, the military, and of course slavery. Northern Versus Southern Interests Increasingly, the Northern states squared off against the Southern states. One of the main reasons for this was that the economic interests of north and south were opposed to each other. The South was largely comprised of small and large plantations that grew crops such as cotton which were labor intensive. The North, on the other hand, was more of a manufacturing center, using raw materials to create finished goods. Slavery had been abolished in the north but continued in the south due to the need for inexpensive labor and the ingrained culture of the plantation era. As new states were added to the United States, compromises had to be reached concerning whether they would be admitted as slave or as free states. The fear of both groups was for the other to gain an unequal amount of power. If more slave states existed, for example, then they would garner more power in the nation. The Compromise of 1850 - Precursor to the Civil War The Compromise of 1850 was created to help stave off open conflict between the two sides. Among the five parts of the Compromise were two rather controversial acts. First Kansas and Nebraska were given the ability to decide for themselves whether they wanted to be slave or free. While Nebraska was decidedly a free state from the start, pro and anti-slavery forces traveled to Kansas to try and influence the decision. Open fighting broke out in the territory causing it to be known as Bleeding Kansas. Its fate would not be decided until 1861 when it would enter the union as a free state. The second controversial act was the Fugitive Slave Act which gave slave owners great latitude in traveling north to capture any escaped slaves. This act was hugely unpopular with both abolitionists and more moderate anti-slavery forces in the north. Abraham Lincolns Election Leads to Secession By 1860 the conflict between northern and southern interests had grown so strong that when Abraham Lincoln was elected president South Carolina became the first state to break off  from the Union and form its own country. Ten more states would follow with secession: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. On February 9, 1861, the Confederate States of America was formed with Jefferson Davis as its president. The Civil War Begins Abraham Lincoln  was inaugurated as president in March 1861. On April 12, Confederate forces led by General P.T. Beauregard opened  fire on Fort Sumter which  was a federally held fort in  South Carolina. This began the American Civil War. The  Civil War  lasted from 1861 until 1865. During this time, over 600,000 soldiers representing both sides were killed either by battle deaths or disease. Many, many more were wounded with estimates of more than 1/10th of all soldiers being wounded. Both the north and the south experienced major victories and defeats. However, by September 1864 with the taking of Atlanta, the North had gained the upper hand and the war would officially end on April 9, 1865. The Aftermath of the Civil War The beginning of the end for the Confederacy was with General Robert E. Lees unconditional surrender at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.  Confederate General Robert E. Lee  surrendered the  Army of Northern Virginia  to Union General  Ulysses S. Grant. However, skirmishes and small battles continued to occur until the last general, Native American Stand Watie, surrendered on June 23, 1865. President  Abraham Lincoln  wanted to institute a liberal system of Reconstructing the South. However, his vision of  Reconstruction  was not to become reality after  Abraham Lincolns assassination  on April 14, 1865. The  Radical Republicans  wanted to deal harshly with the South. Military rule was instituted until  Rutherford B. Hayes  officially ended Reconstruction in 1876. The Civil War was a watershed event in the United States. The individual states after years of reconstruction would end up joined together in a stronger union. No longer would questions  concerning secession  or nullification be argued by individual states. Most importantly, the war officially ended slavery.

Managing change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing change - Case Study Example This is because these tenets make managing personal change probable. Before commencing an organizational change; individuals should ask questions such as; what is the organization going to achieve with the change? How and why will they discern that the change is successful? Who will be affected by the change, and what will be their reaction? To what extent can the change be effected with help; and in what areas should assistance be sought? These questions guide the individual effecting change since it makes him or her understand what is being done. This paper shall seek to explain the change management effected in a local insurance company; so that it could be saved from imminent collapse after going bankrupt. The eight stages of change management, as well as three tools of needs assessment, will be used to analyze the change management initiative. Since the local insurance company needs a powerful restructuring plan to save it from imminent collapse, it should consider downsizing some of the high level executive positions. Additionally, it should thin down its organizational chart by laying-off some of the employees conducting programs that are no longer aimed at bringing the company back to its feet. Laying-off workers who have stood by the company for the many years is not an easy task; therefore, it should be done with extreme caution. First and foremost, the underperformers and the underachievers should be the ones to face the axe. This is because they add little value to the company and their dismissal would do the company good. Secondly, while downsizing some of the high level executive positions, it should be noted that some roles done by one executive duplicate to another executive. Therefore, such situations should allow the merging up of two different portfolios that perform almost similar roles. In order to make the change management effective, it is necessary to use Kotter’s eight steps of efficacious change

Female Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Female Entrepreneurs - Essay Example The importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly felt across the globe in the last decade. Interestingly, in developed countries, women own 25% of total businesses and are starting up new ones at a faster rate than men (Woldie and Adersua, 2004). In fact, besides making a contribution to the economy, women through their different management styles have been adding innovation, diversity, and choices to the business organizations they own. While studies done in the past have improved the understanding about female entrepreneurs, the issues which have not been addressed in-depth are – What are the management styles adopted by women and how do they affect or have an impact on various aspects of organizational performance.This paper, will, therefore, focus on the growing number of women entrepreneurs in the last decade, their management styles, the impact of their management strategies on the success of the organization and whether their style is different from their male cou nterparts or not.The purpose of this report is to provide information on this research topic which will be used as a basis for my third-year project for the BA Honours for a Business degree with a management minor at Croydon College. As a woman in business, I have spent over twelve years conversing and engaging in business activities with many other women and it has intrigued and inspired me to investigate, explore and examine a few of the variables that make a woman into a successful entrepreneur.... 1. Introduction The importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly felt across the globe in the last decade. Interestingly, in developed countries, women own 25% of total businesses and are starting up new ones at a faster rate than men (Woldie and Adersua, 2004). Infact, besides making a contribution to the economy, women through their different management styles have been adding innovation, diversity and choices to the business organizations they own. While studies done in the past have improved the understanding about female entrepreneurs, the issues which have not been addressed in-depth are - What are the management styles adopted by women and how do they affect or have an impact on various aspects of organizational performance. This paper, will, therefore, focus on the growing number of women entrepreneurs in the last decade, their management styles, the impact of their management strategies on the success of the organization and whether their style is different from their male counterparts or not. The purpose of this report is to provide information on this research topic which will be used as a basis for my third year project for the BA Honours for Business degree with a management minor at Croydon College. As a woman in business I have spent over twelve years conversing and engaging in business activities with many other women and it has intrigued and inspired me to investigate, explore and examine a few of the variables that make a woman into a successful entrepreneur. As part of the research, I also want to investigate management styles to understand if there are any particular types of management styles which assist the women in becoming successful and how do they differ from management styles adopted by their male counterparts. I have personally

Types of Demonstrative Evidence

Types of Demonstrative Evidence Demonstrative evidence illustrates the witnesss testimony. Illustrations include: maps, diagrams of the initial crime scene, charts and/or graphs the injuries to the plaintiff. Injuries could be defined as physical or financial. These are used at trial by both the plaintiff and the opposing council. (Real and Demonstrative Evidence) There are different types of evidence and in this writing I will discuss eight specific types of demonstrative evidence. Photos are considered to be demonstrative evidence that is shown during trial. I know you might have heard the saying A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words, well that is fairly true. Photos can prove that a person was at the scene of the crime, and it could also show the offender acting out the crime they are being charged for. In todays society everyone has their phone at the ready; just waiting for something to happen. This goes into my next demonstrative evidence; video. (Leesfield Scolaro, P.A.) I did mention everyone having their smart phone ready, well majority of the time people starting recording incidents either when the confrontation begins or when physical harm to another person has begun. In my own opinion sometimes video footage just isnt enough to bring charges against a person. Ive seen several police officers that have gotten away with their behavior towards persons in a community. They may have gotten a written remark in their records or even administrative paid leave, but some have not been brought on guilty charges. Sound recordings are another example of demonstrative evidence, and Ive seen this being used a lot in the earlier days. What I have seen is that a lot of undercover personnel use hidden wires to get the other person to admit to a crime that was committed. This can be used as evidence to get someone put into prison. Drawings are another form of demonstrative evidence. I would prefer to use sketches as way to describe the kind of drawing being used. A lot of victims are able to describe the offender to law enforcement to get a visual on the person that committed the crime against them. Usually they can use the sketch with the facial recognition software and try to get a match in their facial database. Diagrams or maps are known as demonstrative evidence. These are used in some cases to show the jury or witnesses to simply the explanation of where scene of the crime happened. Maps should be clear and focused to ensure that the information you are trying to display to the targeted audience is understandable. (Publishing, 2014.) Simulations as demonstrative evidence can be known to not be as clear compared to an actual witnesss testimony. Along with the other demonstrative evidence, it is hard to replicate what actually happened in that moment. We have come a long way with technology and we have a lot of experts that are able to replicate some of the things so that when it is presented to the court as a visual, then the court can get an understanding of what happened. My eight demonstrative evidence would be that the jury is presented with forensic animation. Which is an audio-visual reconstruction of the incident that is being brought to trial. This form of evidence is being used more often in our courtrooms because it provides detailed information for the court so they can get a very clear understanding on what happened. Authentication of evidence is done before evidence is admitted to the court. It means that the party that wants to present the evidence during trial must state what the document is what it claims to be. This does not mean that the document will be sufficient enough to prove the offender being innocent or guilty. Authentication will also prevent the party from fraudulently creating the document. Authentication of the evidence and the relevance of the evidence are related because once the authentication of the document is complete and it is admitted to the court, then the opposing party needs to see that what is in the authenticated evidence is either true or false. Is this proof relevant to the case or not? (2012) There are several steps to authenticate evidence. Decide, When, Mark, Show, Identify, Introduce and Argue. The party needs to decide if the document they want to admit as evidence is what they say it is. You need to mark the document stating what it is; i.e., Exhibit A is the orange shirt the offender was wearing. You need to show the evidence to the parties staying that this will be the evidence being presented to the court. Introduce the evidence to the jury and of course the opposing party will try and argue that the evidence being presented is not accurate. Certain items like pictures, computer printouts and maps can be authenticated. For computer printouts can have a lot of information; this can come from their personal computer or other electronic devices like the persons cell phone. The person who found the digital information will have to testify during trial. Stating what was found and to state what was showing is what the evidence claims to be. With photographic evidence, before it is admitted as evidence it needs to show the actual scene of the incident. Meaning that it must be relevant, clear and not distorted. Evidence being admitted that is of a map or diagram; the attorney needs to be very clear when presenting it to the jury. If they have the witness point to the map or diagram and they have to state the jury what they are pointing at, and then of course you would need to show the jury so they can get a better understanding. (Larocca, 1975) Chain of custody if very important when handing evidence. It is a written record of all of the individuals who have maintained unbroken control of the items that are considered evidence for the case. It shows that if it remains unbroken, that the evidence taken from the crime scene, will be the same evidence presented to the court. It is very important because this can ensure that the prosecutor put away the correct suspect that committed the crime. If the chain of custody was broken, the evidence will be dismissed from the court and that can also get the case dismissed. References Real and Demonstrative Evidence. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/real-and-demonstrative-evidence.html Leesfield, I. (n.d.). Leesfield Scolaro, P.A. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from https://www.leesfield.com/effective-use-of-demonstrative-evidence.html Publishing, J. (2014, November 07). Using Charts, Diagrams, Graphs, and Maps in the Courtroom. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://jamespublishing.com/2014/using-charts-diagrams-graphs-maps-courtroom/ (2012, November 7). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://federalevidence.com/blog/2012/july/foundation-admitting-documents-authentication-and-relevance Larocca, N., Jr. (1975). Authentication, Identification, and the Best Evidence Rule,36(1), 1-30. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4140context=lalrev