Role Of Managerial And Managerial Accounting - 1029 Words

The role of managerial accounting has played a significant role in the success of businesses dating as far back as the 19th century. Service and production operations during the days of the industrial revolution were not nearly as sophisticated then as they are today. The current initial purpose of managerial accounting is comparable to its purpose throughout history. Managerial accounting has historically been useful in assisting managers with the information they need to make important decisions about their business’ processes and operations (Fleischman 2006). Managerial accounting is still true to its sole purpose, however; myriad changes in growth of the economy, technological advances, legal changes and the overall growth of the†¦show more content†¦In contrast, other areas in accounting particularly financial and tax accounting focus on external reporting. Financial accounting is used to provide stakeholders with a representation of the organization’ s financial health. Tax accounting focuses on organizations’ financial legal compliance. Financial and tax accounting present information about a period of time in the past. A business’ stakeholders are concerned with public accounting information and are not necessarily concerned with the daily business functions (Francis 2014). The most significant difference is that managerial accounting is internally focused while other disciplines focus on the external financial reporting. According to recent publications issued by the Institute of Managerial accounting, the role of managerial accounting has shifted simultaneously with the shift of business leaders toward strategic management. â€Å"Management accountants (1) provide the conceptual framework for converting data into information and (2) fulfill the role of enabler and strategic business partner (IMA 2008).† Technological advances have made it possible to record and share more information. These advancements have given managerial accountants more information to work with than in the past which has helped to restructure the role of management accountants. Managers have turned to managerial accountants for more than aShow MoreRelatedThe Key Role Of Managerial Accounting920 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus of Managerial Accounting is to identify, interpret, measure and communicate both information and data relevant to help the organization pursue and achieve its goals. It is also referred to as Co st Accounting and is used to help managers within a company make decisions. It is different than Financial Accounting which is used predominately by outside sources such as; creditors, stockholders, financial institutions, government agencies and perspective employees. The key role of managerial accountingRead MoreEssay on Role of Managerial Accounting10330 Words   |  42 PagesChapter 01 The Changing Role of Managerial Accounting in a Dynamic Business Environment    True / False Questions    1.  Controlling involves the coordination of daily business functions within an organization.   True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    2.  Measuring the performance of managers and subunits is not an objective of managerial accounting.   True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    3.  Middle-level managers would likely be considered internal users of accounting information rather than external users.   True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False Read MoreEssay about Role of Managerial Accounting1112 Words   |  5 Pagesaccountant. This essay will seek to prove that through principles of financial accounting, cost accounting and cost management, accountants can control the cost of business rather than change demands of customers. In research, there are three main form of management accounting to control the cost in an organization effectively and efficiently. They are financial accounting, cost accounting and cost management. Financial accounting is used authoritatively to prepare to account information for parties whoRead MoreThe Changing Role of Managerial Accounting in a Dynamic Business Environment1723 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE CHANGING ROLE OF MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING IN A DYNAMIC BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Learning Objectives 1. Define managerial accounting and describe its role in the management process. 2. Explain four fundamental management processes that help organizations attain their goals. 3. List and describe five objectives of managerial accounting activity. 4. Explain the major differences between managerial and financial accounting. 5. Explain where managerial accountants are locatedRead MoreChapter01.the Changing Role of Managerial Accounting in a Dynamic Business Environment4441 Words   |  18 Pagesabout managerial accountants is false? A. Managerial accountants more and more are considered business partners. B. Managerial accountants often are part of cross-functional teams. C. An increasing number of organizations are segregating managerial accountants in separate managerial-accounting departments. D. In a number of companies, managerial accountants make significant business decisions and resolve operating problems. E. The role of managerialRead MoreManagerial Accounting1152 Words   |  5 PagesManagerial Accounting 12/3/15 Managerial Accounting Accounting is a crucial part in running a business. There are various forms of accounting that can be used, it is very important to know which technique is best to use for what companies. Once you figure out a particular technique to use, it is important to keep an open mind if there are any changes that need to take place in the business. By keeping an open mind helps the business adjust and be able to make the right decisions. Every businessRead MoreManagerial Accounting And The Certified Management1408 Words   |  6 PagesManagerial accounting is used by an organization to ensure informed decisions are made regarding current and future operations. Businessmen and women must have the ability to comprehend financial information provided to properly determine the correct course of action. In the global market of today, an organization’s inability to accurately determine the best course of action can lead to financial ruin for the company. Uninformed decisions by leadersh ip can derail a business’ prospects for successRead MoreFunctional Areas of Business1020 Words   |  5 Pagesareas of business are management, law, human resources management, leadership, accounting, finance, economics, research and statistics, operations management, marketing, and strategic planning. Although, all of the functional areas are essential to the success of a organization, two areas stand out as key to getting the business started and keeping it profitable, and they are human resources management and the accounting area (University of Phoenix, 2013). The Human Resources Management (HRM) areaRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Managerial Accounting Profession1186 Words   |  5 Pagesissues in the managerial accounting profession discipline. But first the essay will display the nature of the managerial accounting and its working environment, then shed the light over the business ethics attributes and then, the essay will integrate the two parts to show the effects of business ethics in for managerial accountant, to show some guidelines for managerial accountant to follow in terms of business ethics and some bad ethics they must to ignore. Managerial Accounting nature The managementRead MoreManagerial Accounting Hilton Quiz1 Answers1526 Words   |  7 PagesLO 1. | | 2 INCORRECT | | Which of the following statements is true? | | | A) | Managerial Accountants are number crunchers who provide critical information to decision makers but do not themselves contribute to the decision making process. | | | B) | The role of the managerial accountant has not changed in the last twenty years. | | | C) | Managerial accountants play an integral leadership role on an organizations management team. | | | D) | The activities performed by the management

Essay about The Anti-Christ in Camus’ The Stranger (The...

The Anti-Christ in The Outsider â€Å"Meursault is punished, not for his crime of killing another human being but for refusing to play the game.† This statement is of great relevance to the novel The Outsider, by Albert Camus. Society as a whole enforces its ideas and values, upon all individuals, but particularly on those who differ from the â€Å"norm†. Through Meursault’s view of the world, contrasted with that of both the religious and judicial system this notion is foregrounded. Meursault’s outlook on death and dying is very different to that of the majority of people at the time. He was unemotional and indifferent to the death of his mother, something that was unfathomable and by no means acceptable. â€Å"†¦I didn’t know if I could†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"She then wanted to know if I loved her. I replied as I had done once already, that it didn’t mean anything but that I probably didn’t.† Meursault does not take either love, or marriage seriously, because he believes that they do not really matter. Marie’s view, however, is diametrically opposed to that of Meursault, as she, like most of society, believed in the religious and judicial systems. She has faith in love and in all probability some form of God. Basically she conforms to society, she obeys it and â€Å"fits in†. While Meursault is by no means an anarchist, he does what he wants, and feels and expresses these feelings as he wishes. Meursault is not punished for failing to love Marie, but through the issue and discussion of love, the audience is able to grasp how vastly he differs from society, and that is what Meursault is essentially punished for. Meursault’s honesty is another aspect that sets him apart from the rest of society. He is honest about every part of his life. While society does not endorse lying, people instinctively do to avoid being noticed as unusual. Meursault however does not care for societies values and does not adhere to them, for this reason he is honest about everything. â€Å"Then he asked me if he could say the I’d controlled my natural feelings that day. I said, â€Å"No, because it’s not true.’ He looked at me in a peculiar way, as ifShow MoreRelated Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault as Christ663 Words   |  3 PagesMeursault as Christ in The Stranger (The Outsider)nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;In one of his later interviews, Camus made the somewhat irritated comment that Meursault is the â€Å"only Christ we deserve.† While this seem to be a pithy, witty comment, we need to figure out how Meursault is like Christ. Christ taught his disciples and had them go and teach others, yet Meursault has no disciples and chooses to say little. Meursault murders while Christ brings a man back from the dead. Most drastically, Christ †died forRead More Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Finding a Rational God through Nature3501 Words   |  15 PagesFinding a Rational God through Nature in Camus The Stranger (The Outsider)    Turning towards nature for fulfillment, The Stranger’s Meursault rejects the ideology of God as a savior and is consequently juxtaposed against Jesus Christ’s martyrdom, Christianity and the infamous crucifixion. To the inexperienced reader, Meursault appears to be an extreme atheist. Later in Albert Camus’ novel, he is revealed as a humanistic soul that’s in touch with the universality of the earth and soil he treadsRead MoreAbsurdity Between Kafka and Camus4307 Words   |  18 PagesThis paper seeks to compare and contrast the philosophical views of two great philosophers, namely Albert Camus and Franz Kafka. The works involved in this argument are Kafkas The Metamorphosis and Camus The Outsider. The chief concern of both writers is to find a kind of solution to the predicament of modern man and his conflict with machines and scientific theories. Death, freedom, truth and identity are themes to be studies here in the sense of absurdity.    Kafka was born in Prague in 1883.Read More Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault as Metaphysical Rebel1996 Words   |  8 PagesMeursault as Metaphysical Rebel in The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚     Ã‚   The Stranger by Albert Camus was published in 1942. The setting of the novel is Algiers where Camus spent his youth in poverty. In many ways the main character, Meursault, is a typical Algerian youth. Like them, and like Camus himself, Meursault was in love with the sun and the sea. His life is devoted to appreciating physical sensations. He seems so devoid of emotion. Something in Meursaults character has appealed primarilyRead More Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): World Without Purpose1757 Words   |  8 PagesWorld Without Purpose in Camus The Stranger (The Outsider)   In The Stranger, Albert Camus misleadingly portrays his existentialistic views of life, death, and the world.   Camus portrays the world as absurd or without purpose Meaursalt, who, as a reflection of Camus, is foreign and indifferent to his own life and death.   Meaursalt eventually senses guilt for his crime, not because of the remorse of taking someone else’s life, but because it means he would lose the little things that he considersRead MoreA Outsider Of The Stranger By Andre Gide And Albert Camus1850 Words   |  8 Pages Andre Gide and Albert Camus seemingly had much in common. Both were French-speaking Nobel Prize winning writers with deep ties to France’s African territories and strong anti-establishment tendencies who sought to cast off the burdens society foisted upon them. Yet their as best evidenced by their respective best-known texts, Gide’s L Immoraliste (The Immoralist) and Camus’ L’Étranger (The Stranger). While both novels center around aloof young men hostile to the norms that society foists upon them

The Little Things free essay sample

â€Å"Brenda wears Buddies! Brenda wears Buddies!† When 11-year-old Brenda arrived at school with her wishful imitations of the three-striped Adidas tennis shoes, this was the chant that the other children met her with. Three words; one lasting impact. Mocking chants such as these, coupled with the muffled remarks and pitying eyes of educators, were the only constants in the life of a young girl dependent on government vouchers and food stamps. Instability wrecked havoc on every aspect of her childhood: parents with an on-again-off-again relationship, home addresses that never lasted for more than 6 months, poor budgeting which led to a monthly feast-or-famine cycle, and school reassignments so frequent that it is a miracle she learned to read and write. She knew early on that she wanted more for her future family: to live and thrive, not to survive. This young girl was Brenda Beecher, my mother. As I grew up listening to my mother’s stories, I was able to put together the pieces of her childhood and gradually form a picture of the past: I always knew that the vision I saw before me was the makings a hero, my hero, who raised me in the loving normalcy that she herself once craved. We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Things or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both of my parents instilled in me the importance of hard work and having more passion in my heart than money in the bank; as I climbed the ranks of education from middle to high schools, I never once stopped working to achieve my personal best or competing with myself to constantly set and surpass my goals. My future is paved and sealed with the â€Å"little things:† raising my hand in Macroeconomics to question an accepted theory, brainstorming the environmental impact of solar panels, staying up until O’Dark Thirty to finish a research paper on government policy, taking a critical stab at Metaphysical poets, or simply smiling when I understand a mathematical concept. I invest in my future by taking no opportunity for granted, finding a lesson to be learned in unconventional moments, and wandering down every given avenue in pursuit of wisdom and truth. I have found that viewing life as a challenge to be overcome makes it all the more fascinating and endlessly fulfilling. As I inch ever closer to the consummation of my high school career at graduation, I prepare for the biggest challenge I have yet to face and sink my teeth into: college. This experience will be the ultimate investment, and every friendship that I forge and class that I attend will add to the foundation of my independent life. I plan to prevail against adversity and make the seemingly â€Å"impossible† say â€Å"I’m possible!† – ultimately, I owe it all to the values crafted from my mother’s tragic childhood and the blissful stability of my own. Brenda wore Buddies, but she taught me that I never have to.

Population Trends in China Essay Sample free essay sample

Using the Chinese population informations from 1950 to 1995. allow us build a graph utilizing engineering. Before charting the information though. we must foremost find the relevant variables. which are. the twelvemonth and the population ( in 1000000s ) of each co-occuring twelvemonth. The parametric quantities are purely confined to the information for the old ages 1950 and 1995 in the sense that the informations can non fall below the population figure for the twelvemonth 1950 and can non fall above the information for the twelvemonth 1995. Upon reexamining the graph. we notice that the information appears to increase. but non exactly in a consecutive line. Traveling through the tendency lines on excel. we find that the tendency line that fits the best is the multinomial tendency line. which is displayed in the graph down at a lower place. If we were to analytically develop one theoretical account map to find if the multinomial tendency line is so the most accurate tantrum. We will write a custom essay sample on Population Trends in China Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would suggest making a system of equations. Before leaping to far in front. we need to do it clear the equation we are traveling to be analysing. We will utilize the equation given to us by the multinomial tendency line which is: y= ax2 + bx +c and the ground that we are utilizing this equation is because of the fact that the R2 value is 0. 9955. The closer the R2 value is to 1 the better it will suit the graph. We will rearrange the equation y= ax2 + bx +c so that we can work out for the terra incognitas which are. the letters a. B and c. To make this. we need to add informations to the equation and make three matrices. In order to go on on. allow us foremost add the known values to the equation. Given y= ax2 + bx +c. we know that the y-values are China’s population in 1000000s and the x-values are the old ages at which the population is measured. We will utilize three points to work out this. one from the beginning. one from the center. and one from the terminal in order to make the matrices that will so be used to happen values for a. b. and degree Celsius. So we take the equation y= ax2 + bx +c and stopper 1950 ( first twelvemonth ) in as the x-value and 554. 8 as the y-value and we will make the same with the following two points that will be used.y= ax2 + bx +c554. 8=a ( 19502 ) + B ( 1950 ) + degree Celsius830. 7=a ( 19702 ) + B ( 1970 ) + degree Celsius1120. 5=a ( 19952 ) + B ( 1995 ) + degree CelsiusNow that we have created our system of equations we can divide them up into matrices. Looking at the equations we have come up with. we notice that we have a column of y-values ( bold ) . a column of x-values ( blue ) . and a column of terra incognitas ( purple ) 554. 8=a ( 19502 ) + B ( 1950 ) + degree Celsius830. 7=a ( 19702 ) + B ( 1970 ) + degree Celsius1120. 5=a ( 19952 ) + B ( 1995 ) + degree Celsius We can name the y-values matrix ‘B’ or [ B ] which is traveling to be a 3?1 matrix. the x-values matrix ‘A’ or [ A ] which will be a 3?3 matrix. and the unknowns matrix ‘C’ or [ C ] which is another 3?1 matrix. [ A ] = [ B ] = [ C ] = So so we get an equation that looks like this: [ B ] = [ A ] * [ C ] . We can split [ A ] from one side of the equation to insulate [ C ] so. [ A ] -1* [ B ] = [ C ] . We multiply by the opposite of [ A ] . Multiplying [ A ] -1* [ B ] we get the [ C ] to be. Year | 1950| 1955| 1960| 1965| 1970| 1975| 1980| 1985| 1990| 1995| New Population in Millions| 554. 8| 620. 8| 688. 8| 758. 7| 830. 7|904. 6| 980. 6| 1058. 6| 1138. 5| 1220. 5| Having plugged the original old ages into the found map we receive the information in the informations tabular array above and acquire a graph that looks like the information is close to the original graph. We are following shown an equation where the population at clip is modeled by: P ( T ) = Using a reckoner we can run a logistical trial on the original informations where we get K to be 1950. L to equal 4. 34. and M to be. 0333. We get the informations tabular array below. Year | 1950| 1955| 1960| 1965| 1970| 1975| 1980| 1985| 1990| 1995| New Population in Millions| 537. 8| 605. 0| 676. 5| 751. 8| 830. 0| 910. 0| 991. 0| 1071. 7| 1151. 1| 1228. 1| The graph created by the logistic map is a really close tantrum. it about covers up the original population graph. Even looking at the informations tabular array for the map. we see that the information is really near to the original set of informations. We know that in multinomial maps. the independent and dependent variables are straight related to each other. In this survey the form of the original informations indicates a uninterrupted gradual slope. so as the old ages increase so will the population. The logistic map is different in the sense that while it will go on to increase. after awhile it will non increase as much and will get down to decelerate down until it stops increasing and degrees off. The graphs below are to assistance in the apprehension of the construct. We are following given a set of informations on the population trends in China from the 2008 World Economic Outlook published from the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) Year | 1983| 1992| 1997| 2000| 2003| 2005| 2008|New Population in Millions| 1030. 1| 1171. 7| 1236. 3| 1267. 4| 1292. 3| 1307. 6| 1327. 7| We will get down with the multinomial map and once more choose three different points for the above information. So we will acquire: y= ax2 + bx +c 1030. 1=a ( 19832 ) + B ( 1983 ) + degree Celsius1267. 4=a ( 20002 ) + B ( 2000 ) + degree Celsius1327. 7=a ( 20082 ) + B ( 2008 ) + degree Celsius We can name the y-values matrix ‘B’ or [ B ] which is traveling to be a 3?1 matrix. the x-values matrix ‘A’ or [ A ] which will be a 3?3 matrix. and the unknowns matrix ‘C’ or [ C ] which is another 3?1 matrix. [ A ] = [ B ] = [ C ] =We can split [ A ] from one side of the equation to insulate [ C ] so. [ A ] -1* [ B ] = [ C ] . We multiply by the opposite of [ A ] . Multiplying [ A ] -1* [ B ] we get the [ C ] to be. Graphing this we get the graph displayed below which we see looks indistinguishable to the original to the point where we do non even see the original graph. Now we run the 2nd map trial to see how that one besides fits the new informations. Again we have the equation P ( T ) = Using a reckoner we can run a logistical trial on the original informations where we get K to be 1436. L to equal 1. 36. and M to be. 0633. We get the informations tabular array below. Year | 1983| 1992| 1997| 2000| 2003| 2005| 2008|New Population in Millions| 1030. 1| 1171. 7| 1236. 3| 1267. 4| 1292. 3| 1307. 6| 1327. 7| We so take this found information and see how good it fits the original informations that we graphed earlier. As we see the logistic equation fits the original informations absolutely. Now let us see how both graphs expression together when consolidated into one graph. As we see here. the information from both the original graphs and their logistic maps line up rather good about making one uninterrupted line. The theoretical accounts fit each other with no outliers and making one solid line on the graph. The same can be seen with the 2nd graph of the original informations and the original IMF informations and their several multinomial maps. In decision to this mathematical survey. we have found tendency lines to chart informations. created system of equations for that informations and successfully graphed them against their original graphs. We learned how logistic graphs and multinomial graphs work and how they differ from each other. To make another challenge it would be interesting to seek and prove more maps. It would be interesting to prove parametric quantities and see what would go on if we tested outside of them. It would be a challenge to larn how the logistic map works mathematically to bring forth the Numberss it produces on the reckoner.

Elephant

Elephant 5Amber TonnuEnglish 099Obed SilvaMay 21, 2014Who's The Smartest?He is a fighter. He is strong and tough. No natural predators can compete with him, every animals in the wild is afraid of him - including the king of the jungle (lion) - because of his enormous size. He's the largest man that came from Africa; he weighted from 1,800 up to 6,300 kg. He's also known as the biggest and strongest man on earth. He's 13 feet tall and his appetites are as big as big as his body size. He can eats up to 400 pounds and drink up to 30 gallons of water each day. He has thick and wrinkled skin - like an old man in his 90s. Even though he has thick skin, his skin is sensitive to touch, detecting insects and changes in the environment. Since his skin is so sensitive, he has to throw sand and dirt on his back whenever he's out in the sun so it will prevent him from getting sunburned.Male elephant in Etosha National Park, Namibia Kis...His hair distributed unevenly all over his body. The most noticeable hair on his body are: around the eyes, ear opening, chin and tail. His ears are as big as a banana leave, and they look like a giant flower pedal that flowing in the air. He has big and giant hands that are too heave to lift up; so he uses his nose to grab food instead of using hands like other people. His favorite snack of the day are bananas, rice and sugarcane. He is known as the most intelligent animals on Earth.This giant looking man is very familiar with many kids and adult, people usually call him by the name "Elephant". Elephant can be found all over the world, but their...

How to Conjugate the French Verb Servir

How to Conjugate the French Verb Servir Servir (to serve, to be useful) is an irregular French -ir  verb. Below are the simple conjugations of the verb  servir; they do not include the compound tenses, which consist of  a form of the auxiliary verb with the past participle. Within irregular  -ir  verb conjugations, there are some  patterns. Two groups exhibit similar characteristics and conjugation patterns. Then there is a final, large category of extremely irregular  -ir  verbs that follow no pattern. Servir is an Irregular -ir- Verb Servir  lies in the first group of irregular  -ir  verbs that display a pattern. It includes dormir, mentir, partir, sentir, servir, sortir, and all of their derivatives, such as repartir. All of these verbs share this characteristic: They all drop the last letter of the stem in the singular conjugations. For instance, first person singular of  servir  is  je sers  (no v) and first person plural is  nous servons  (retains the v  from the stem). The more you recognize these patterns, the easier it will be to remember conjugations. Servir is Conjugated Like  French Verbs Ending in -mir, -tir, -vir   Generally speaking, most French verbs ending in  -mir,  -tir, or  -vir  are conjugated this way. Such verbs include: dormir   to sleependormir  Ã‚  to put/send to sleepredormir  Ã‚  to sleep some morerendormir  Ã‚  to put back to sleepdà ©partir  Ã‚  to accordpartir  Ã‚  to leaverepartir  Ã‚  to restart, set off againconsentir   to consentpressentir     to have a premonitionressentir  Ã‚  to feel, sensesentir  Ã‚  to feel, to smellmentir  Ã‚  to liese repentir  Ã‚  to repentsortir  Ã‚  to go outservir  Ã‚  to serve, to be useful Expressions and Usage servir quelquun de / en quelque chose to serve somebody with something / to serve something to somebodyCest difficile de se faire servir ici. /  Ã‚  Its difficult to get served here.Sers le cafà ©.  Ã‚  Pour the coffee.Puis-je te servir du poulet  ?  Ã‚  Can I serve you some chicken ?Le dà ®ner est servi  !  Ã‚  Dinner  is  ready / served !Sers-moi boire.   Give  / pour me a drink.Ils nous servent toujours les mà ªmes histoires aux informations. They always dish out the same old stories on the newsServir la patrie / une cause   to serve country/ a causeOn nest jamais si bien servi que par soi-mà ªme.  (proverb)   If you want something done right, do it yourself.Servir les intà ©rà ªts dune dette  Ã‚  to service a debtservir la messe   to say / hold massIl a servi, ce manteau.   I got a lot of use out of this coat !Ça na jamais servi.   Its never been used toi de servir.  (tennis) Your serve.servir to be used forÇa ne sert rien de lui en parler. Its useless to talk to him / Its no use talking to him about it. Crier ne sert rien. Theres no point in shouting.servir de to act as, to beJe lui ai servi dinterprà ¨te.   I acted as his interpreter.se servir [pronominal reflexive] to help oneselfServez-vous de  / en là ©gumes. Help yourself to vegetables.Je me suis servi un verre de lait.   I poured myself a glass of milk.se servir [pronominal passive] to be servedLe vin rouge se sert chambrà ©. Red wine should be served at room temperature.se servir de quelque chose to use somethingIl ne peut plus se servir de son bras droit. He cant use his right arm anymore.Cest une arme dont on ne se sert plus.   Its a weapon that is no longer used  / in use.se servir de quelque chose comme  Ã‚  to use something asse servir de quelquun  Ã‚  to make use of  / to use somebody Simple Conjugations of the Irregular French -ir Verb Servir Present Future Imperfect Present participle je sers servirai servais servant tu sers serviras servais il sert servira servait nous servons servirons servions vous servez servirez serviez ils servent serviront servaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle servi   Ã‚  SubjunctiveConditionalPassà © simpleImperfect subjunctivejeserveserviraisservisservissetuservesserviraisservisservissesilserveserviraitservitservà ®tnousservionsservirionsservà ®messervissionsvousserviezserviriezservà ®tesservissiezilsserventserviraientservirentservissent Imperative (tu) sers (nous) servons (vous) servez

Muscular System Outine Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Muscular System Outine - Assignment Example Another research on muscular system is on the testing of strength and rowers training (Lawton et al., 2011). This research has established that children physical activity is associated with fundamental movement skills. The second research has established that elite rowers are stronger in comparison to less competitive peers. This was based on the relationship, which exists between lean body mass and strength. Moreover, the research established that maximal strength could only be attained and sustained in cases where infrequent, but intense units of strength training were used Researchers still have questions on the relationship between behavioral and physiological outcomes in adolescents and children and fundamentals movement skills (Lubans et al., 2010). On the second research, researchers have a question on whether training should focus at attainment of optimal strength, power, and endurance, so that performance would be enhanced in the competition phase (Lawton et al.,

Insider threat and Physical vulnerability Research Paper

Insider threat and Physical vulnerability - Research Paper Example Physical security of the database The growing technological advancements are posing a threat to the new requirements of the iTrust database. Cloud storage, a method of data storage that allows users to share information online is one of the basis on which the iTrust database is prone to attackers. Cloud computing can be misused to attack the database through dishonest activities. Cloud computing at the database, just like in other systems, deal with privacy and have a rather easy registration system. Although the easy registration system gets geared to make the software user friendly, criminals usually use advanced technologies to access the software. This poses the highest threat to businesses and consumers that use the system (Shaw et al, 2013). There have been cases of use of Botnets to attack a public cloud network and spread viruses. The Zeus Botnet has on several occasions attacked the Amazon cloud. The Zeus Botnet attacked Amazon’s EC2 cloud computing service managing t o install a virus. The Botnet further took control of a cloud platform. The malware remained hidden for a long time while transferring millions of dollars (Shaw et al, 2013).Two ways have been proposed to deal with such malware. The security threat posed by the malware can be addressed through implementing cloud analytics. The threat can also be addressed through employing more personnel to monitor the database. Another threat that comes with cloud computing is the difficulty with which consumers get to understand the security implications associated with usage of software like itrust database. Whereas most consumers would prefer a relatively easy set of application programming interfaces, this seems to deter efforts to safeguard the database from any threats. Ensuring that the database gets adequately safeguarded may call for complex application programming interfaces. Such interfaces are able to detect any unpermitted intrusion into the system and swiftly counter-attack the attemp t (Shaw et al, 2013) The issue of account service and traffic hijacking remains a legitimate threat to most of the iTrust users. Traffic hijacking has a wide range. It may involve spamming or use of stolen user credentials. Considering the sensitivity of the data stored in the iTrust database, hackers can in many ways put to risk the lives of the users. This can be done by just gaining a simple entrance. In a situation where the attack occurs on the urgent care, the attacker can manage to follow up on transactions, edit data stored on the database as well as steal users’ personal information .To curb this, preventive measures must be taken. Such preventive measures may include effecting password policies, use of tracking software and providing internet usage education to all employees (Researchomatic, 2012). The insider threat Insider threat can be defined as any threat that comes from people within the organization and who have the organization’s inside information re garding how the organization stores its information. The insider threat faced at the iTrust database is quite challenging. A lack of separation of duties seems to pose the greatest insider threat at the moment. Separation of duties ensures that an insider with too much power or authority is not able to attack the database using the power or authority that they have (SafeNet, 2013). Example of an incident of an insider threat is when a head of department

Objections to Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Objections to Utilitarianism Essay Darwell’s objection to Utilitarianism states that it conflicts with moral common sense in three particular case studies. The first objection to Act Utilitarianism is â€Å"promise keeping. † Act utilitarianism is inconsistent with the moral conscious, because it forward looks considerations of what one would do. The consequences of not keeping the promise may be hard to determine whether it is right or wrong. One example of Darwell’s objection to Utilitarianism of â€Å"promise keeping† is keeping promises to the dead. Suppose you made a promise to your father to carry on the family business when he passes away. You have inherited your father’s multi-million dollar business after he has died. According to act utilitarian, you can sell the company and donate all of its money to a children’s charity, since your father is dead and his happiness is no longer an issue. You have maximized happiness for many children by breaking your promise to your father and destroying the family business. But, Rule utilitarianism says to keep the promises you have made. Rules were made to maximize happiness. The second case study is â€Å"the moral asymmetry to harm and benefit. † Acting as an act utilitarianism, harming one person to benefit two people can be compensated. Suppose there are five homeless men, and it just so happens that a rich man happens to drive by asking for directions. They can kill the rich man and steal all his luxuries, which will maximize happiness for all five of the homeless men. All would benefit from one man’s death. Rule Utilitarianism oppose against this sort of action. Rule utilitarianism would not pass such a rule to kill an innocent man to benefit others. RU dos not want to live in a society that takes from one to give to others, because it can happen to anyone. The third objection to utilitarianism is distributive justice. Act Utilitarianism believes it does not matter how happiness is distributed, as long as it produces the same net total happiness. Though, common sense states that happiness can be distributed justly or unjustly. Rule utilitarianism does not want a rule or distributive justice. Society looks at how people are treated. Rule Utilitarianism wants equal treatment towards people. In my opinion, I would have to agree with the objections of Darwell’s essay against Utilitarianism. Rule Utilitarianism seems to be much closer to common sense that Act Utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism does not have a reliable ethical decision system. It does not seem justifiable in believing that under a utilitarian’s condition can satisfy moral theory. Since Act Utilitarianism is not justifiable then it cannot be true. In order for Act Utilitarianism’s to be justifiable it’s claim would have to be understood, instead of contradicting itself. Rule Utilitarianism follows the rules in the legal system, in which these rules are created to maximize happiness. According to Rule Utilitarianism, if an action is justifiable by others and the general rule is proved to reduce happiness, the rule can be changed or ignored. This shows that Rule Utilitarianism is closer to correct moral theory than Act Utilitarianism.

Nationalism Essay -- Patriotism Pride Essays

Nationalism I'm sure everyone remembers the Gulf War a few years ago. This war lasted for several months and drew everyone to the television and to newspapers to find out what was happening now to all the Americans over seas. Many people found their loved ones leaving. They were in the military and were called to defend their country. This is a sign of nationalism in itself, however, something that was closer to home for me was a tiny yellow ribbon. These yellow ribbons were seen everywhere. They were placed on tree trunks, on peoples front doors, pinned on to peoples clothing, and displayed on peoples cars. These yellow ribbons were a sign to let those people in the Gulf know they were loved and missed and that we were praying for their safe return. This is nationalism. We had all those people over in the Gulf in our thoughts even those we did not know. Nationalism or patriotism can be defined as a sense of belonging or a sense of pride to one's nation among a group of people. Nationalism includes feeling of loyalty to their nation, pride and a desire for independence. Nationalism can be experienced under a state which is a political unit that has essential elements such as people, land, government or independence or among a nation which is people sharing a common identity such as the Palestinians and the old Soviet Union. Nationalism has many different aspects to it, common bonds, and different symbols to represent it. Nationalism has not always existed. Years ago loyalty was to a tribe or ruler. Since then, the idea of loyalty has switched and the focus is now on a broader picture. There are four common bonds to nationalism. The first common bond is common territory. You tend to feel a close bond with people fr... ...and Ghana. The British went into India, the gem of Asia, and dominated their markets. The British took from the Indians and sold their goods for more money. The last consequence of nationalism are Wars of National Liberation. These wars have gone on for many years, and have caused many people to loose their lives for their country. The bonds of nationalism may, in fact, "bond" us together as a nation. The symbols of nationalism may allow us to occasionally think of nationalism. We may be able to think of the consequences, but we may not feel that these consequences are very important or ever occur. The fact is that all of these consequences, symbols, and bonds, reflect who we are as people. People die to defend other people of their nation. They fight to keep us safe and united. We need to keep things such as yellow ribbons and think about what we are all about.

How Effective Would an Increase in Government Spending Be at Promoting Economic Growth?

How effective would an increase in government spending be at promoting economic growth? Economic growth is best defined as a long-term expansion of the productive potential of the economy. Sustained economic growth should lead higher real living standards and rising employment. Short term growth is measured by the annual % change in real GDP. Government spending is a way of increasing aggregate demand, and if successful can help boost economic growth. Government spending tends to be directed at infrastructure and maintenance, as this not only creates jobs but creates a valuable asset. (AD DIAGRAM) (AS DIAGRAM) DESCRIPTION) Some government spending is necessary for economic growth as if it were zero, enforcing contracts, protecting property and developing infrastructure would be extremely difficult. Another way of putting this is that some government spending is necessary for successfully enforcing the law. There are of course costs to increasing government spending, but there are als o many benefits. One cost is that for governments to spend money, they must first take it from someone. This is commonly achieved through taxation, which discourages productive behaviour. A balance must also be made when increasing tax.This is because an increase in tax means that businesses must either charge more or make smaller profits, so inflation will occur at an increased rate as a by product. Borrowing money is another option, but brings with it interest rates and this money must be paid back. Government spending also has the effect of displacing private-sector activity. Every pound sterling the government spends effectively means one less pound in the productive sector of the economy. There are some ways government spending can have a high rate of return, such as the maintenance of a well-functioning legal system.Unforunately governments tend not to use resources efficiently. Destructive choices are often made as a result of government spending, often through subsidising ec onomically undesirable programs. Examples of this welfare programs that encourage people not to work, as they prefer not to take the risk of being unable to find a better job, and would rather choose leisure over work. Flood insurance programs encourage construction on flood plains. Government programs likes this reduce economic growth and national output because they promote underutilisation and misallocation of national resources.One could argue that government programs that subsidise retirement and housing are bad for the economy as a person will feel that there is not need to set aside income if there are government programs that will finance these for them. Goverment spending also reduces competition. Those working in the private sector are constantly searching for ways to improve their products and reduce the cost in order to stand out from the rest, and this provides competition for others attempting to do the same, and this is a large contributor to innovation.However govern ment programs are often provided for free, or are subsidised to a certain extent, so reduce the need for competition. This does not mean that there are no positives to increased government spending. If government spending increases there can be many ancillary effects. For example, if a government were to invest in infrastructure jobs would be created in the construction of this building, and then this could be bought for (as an example) office space which would create more jobs as people would need to work in this office.With these people having jobs they would then inject more money themselves in to the economy through increased consumption. Maintenance is also necessary and increased spending on the matter can have positive effects, such as a rise in value of the area. If an area is left unmaintained the value will quickly depreciate and will negatively affect both those who work in the area, and those who live there. Low value areas often attract crime, which can be a threat to c ompanies and people.Increasing government spending on education that means that better quality education can be provided to those who can't afford private education and can only be a positive for the future. If more of us are educated well then the opportunity for a successful career increase, although it does not mean that one WILL have a successful career. However by better educating people we can increase the likelihood of long term economic growth for a country.This will be because better educated people will make better economic choices and have larger positive effects (better paid jobs mean more disposable income to flow back in to the economy, and more tax paid etc). Increases in government spending affects the aggregate demane, and these policies are known as â€Å"expansionary fiscal policy†. Expansionary fiscal policy is unlikely to affect the long term growth rate of an economy; but it likely to (in the short term) increase aggregate demand, leading to a higher out put. Unfortunately there is the side effect of increasing inflation growth rates as well.The Keynesian view states that the effectiveness of fiscal policy depends upon how close the economy is to full employment. Below a certain point, expansionary fiscal policy will increase output and reduce unemployment without increasing inflation, but as this continues it will eventually increase both output and inflation. At the point of full employment, the Keynesian view states that expasionary fiscal policy will result only in inflation. Many people would argue that the UK cannot afford to increase government spending as taxes are already very high for most people, and we simply can't afford to increase public debt.If we are to agree that increased government spending will not in the long term boost the economy, then one might argue that our efforts might be directed elsewhere. On the other hand, if we are to follow the Keynesian view we might agree that an increase in fiscal policy might b e what we need. Currently unemployment rates are very high in much of the western world, and this would be at the early stages of the model. By increasing fiscal policy we could increase output and reduce employment with little to no inflation. If money were to be invested by the government into our economy there is the possibility that it could go wrong.This could boil down either to poor handling of the money by the government, or by a negative reaction or both. If the money is spent where it is not needed, such as subsidising the low-end manufacturing industry we could see no increase in real output, as we are no longer able to compete with other parts of the world. However if the money was invested wisely, such as in high-end manufacturing and high-end services, we could see a real benefit. As was mentioned previously, there could be a lack of sufficient reaction to government spending to make it worthwhile.For example if infrastructure is built, but then nobody purchases it (e. g. it's in an undesirable area or companies can't afford the extra space/manpower). To conclude I think an increase in government spending could be successful at promoting economic growth, although this is likely to only be in the short term. However what is most important is that the money is spent wisely, where it is most needed and can be most beneficial. Too often governmental spending is inefficient (such as the subsidy of food production which led to a food surplus which was donated to Africa, meaning money was wasted).

Comparison & Contrast Essay

In society it seems that everywhere we look we are surrounded by advertisements whether it is television commercials, billboards or advertisements. Obviously, the main purpose of advertisements is to get the consumer to purchase the product. Print advertisements are an extremely effective way to reach a mass audience because the advertisements are in print, the use of color, text and photography are all key factors in luring the consumers in to buying their product. Advertisements cannot simply attempt to sell the product in question; they must make it appeal to the consumer. It is important that advertisements not only attempt to make the product they are trying to sell clear but also to actually make the advertisement mean something to us, the consumer. The two advertisements that I will be comparing and contrasting are two make-up ads. I picked these two ads because I feel they do a great deal of drawing their consumers in. Mascara is a must have in the make-up world. Most women wear mascara to make their eye â€Å"pop. † Consumers will automatically look at these two ads because of the brand names and how people classify make-up. By knowing that a lot of consumers look at these ads they have to make the ads interesting. Not only will I be comparing and contrasting these two ads but by doing that I will also be telling how they draw consumers in to looking and buying their product. The first ad for mascara came from the magazine Lucky. Lucky is mostly targeted towards young teens and women. This mascara in the advertisement is made by Rimmel London. The use of color is very helpful in this ad because it uses bright vibrant colors that catch your attention. The color of the mascara is black and electric green. Also, the color of the models eyes is very blue which accentuates the true color of the mascara. By making the models eyes such a pretty color it might make people think that if they use this certain mascara it might make their eyes â€Å"pop† like the models does. In the article all the words are written in white and all caps in the background. I think the reasoning behind writing all the words in white is because it is a neutral color and it also stands out. Although the colors really help, keywords also have a great toll in selling a product. By putting â€Å"REV UP THE VOLUME† in big letter it draws your attention. It draws people in that want more volume for their eyelashes. All caps draws your attention and makes you want to read every word on the ad. By putting that if you use the product you will have denser more numerous lashes in 30 days it make consumers want to buy this product and actually see if the product will work. Last but not least is the layout of this ad. Layout really helps make an advertisement. By making the model take up most of the page, your attention goes directly to her. Even without knowing what the ad is about; if you just look at her you can automatically tell it is a mascara ad by her eyelashes. By putting the words around the model you can read them and after every word you read about it helping your eye lashes you can’t help but look back at her eye lashes. The brush of the mascara is out of the bottle so the consumer can see what the brush looks like and how it will form their lashes. The second ad is also found in the Lucky magazine, which means it also mostly targets young teens and women. The mascara in this particular ad is made by Revlon which is a very popular brand of make-up. This company took a very smart approach by getting a celebrity model to endorse this product which is a very beneficial thing. The colors in this ad are more laid back compared to the Rimmel London ad. The use of all black and then making just around the eyes a little lighter automatically draws your attention not just to the model but to her eyes. The words are in white and a very pretty aqua color. These colors stand out very well on the black background. By closing the eyes I believe it shows how long the lashes look. The words are on the top and on the bottom of the page. In my opinion, the reasoning behind this is so that if you start at the top of the page you will read down to the bottom of the page. The mascara top is out of the bottle and shows quality of the brush and just how thick it is and by doing this, Revlon is trying to visually convince the consumer that with this thicker brush, the more luscious your eyelashes can become. After looking at all of the aspects of these two ads, they have a lot of similarities. The first main similarity is that they both came from the magazine Lucky. By putting these ads in the same magazine, these two mascara providers are competing with each other for the teenage and young woman market. On both of the ads the mascaras are in very pretty colors. Although the colors are different they both stand out and make the mascara unique. Keywords of these ads are very alike. All of the very important words are in all caps, big, white, and very noticeable. The layouts of these two ads are almost just alike. Both of the ads have the model in the very middle of the page which is where usually all the main focus of the reader goes. Both of the mascaras are on the bottom right corner of the page which goes well because after the reader has seen this beautiful woman and what this mascara has done for her, the reader looks to the bottom to see just exactly what the mascaras name and appearance is. Even with many similarities, there are still some differences between these two ads. The brands of the mascaras are different, one is Rimmel and the other is Revlon. The use of color is very different in these two ads; Rimmel London used black and electric green where Revlon used black and aqua. In the Rimmel ad the colors are very bright and vibrant colors, while the Revlon ad is very dark and dull. Although the keywords are alike they are very different too. In the Rimmel ad the words are in all caps, no matter how big they are they are still in caps. Some words in the Revlon ad are all caps but then the words that are small are in regular font. After comparing and contrasting these two very marketable mascaras, it is very difficult to pick which one is the clear cut winner. Many people have different styles, so maybe the black and electric green appeals to half of the readers where the black and aqua mascara appeals to the other half. Both of these companies did a very good job in putting their advertisement out there and making their product very attractive and marketable. These companies have been around a long time and know what they’re doing. If that means coming up with competitive ads week in and week out, they’re willing to do whatever it takes to be the top mascara provider in the world.

The triumph of christianity over paganism in the middle ages.

The triumph of christianity over paganism in the middle ages. I could tell you all about the Greeks and Romans, and the wars, but anytime religion comes up, I get confused. I am not an atheist by any means, but I am not a religious fanatic. Unlike the Pagans, and even our everyday Christians, I do not rest my fate in the hands of any god or gods, or even goddesses. I believe that I control my own fate, and I do not go out of my way to please any spiritual being to insure my health and well being. I also do not understand the whole concept of fighting between the pagans and the Christians, therefore I do not believe that the triumph of Christianity was much of a historical necessity. Perhaps it was just the naive attitudes of the polytheistic Pagans, or maybe the monotheistic Christians.One of the most prominent things to stand out about Pagan religion is the belief in more than one god.Greek Easter Dinner PlateThat is the basis of being pagan. Early Greeks dating back to about 1325b.c. in Athens. The people of Athens believed in many gods, who each one in their own represented an evolutional part of life. The goal of the Greeks was to please the gods living on Mount Olympus in any way that they could. Some even went as far as sacrificing their own children. Many of the cities in Greek had their own gods, proving the polytheistic Paganism to be throughout the civilization. For example, there was the god of the sea, Poseidon. The Greeks believed that it was he who controlled the sea, and brought smooth sailing to those who deserved, and death to those who deceived them . Although Pagans worshiped more than one god, they were not known to shut out the Christians, because even thought the...

Dissertation Proposal

Dissertation Proposal Dissertation Proposal Dissertation Proposal WritingMany students consider creating a dissertation proposal the most difficult part of dissertation writing. Indeed, students are assigned to create a project of their own, but not many of them had an experience of developing a research with a guidance of a faculty member. To create a proposal you should understand the issue, find, read and analyze the relevant literature. It is important to develop your own standpoint about the problem and present it to the reader. A dissertation proposal is a part of your formal application, and your obtaining a research degree may depend on it. Creating a proposal is the very beginning of your work, so try to do your best while developing it. A standard dissertation proposal consists of the following parts.Dissertation Proposal PartsTopic and title. As you know, the choice of topic is very important. Your topic should be original and innovative. Do not try to cover a big issue in your dissertation, remember that the narr ower your topic will be the better. Before you take the final decision on your topic, consult your supervisor. As for the title, it may change in the process of work. Research question. It should be a key question, which will demonstrate the nature of your research. If you fail to ask this question properly, you will not be able to conduct the research and arrive to meaningful conclusion of your dissertation. Preliminary literature review. This review is a kind of essay, which should be relevant to your topic. It is a small version of your literature review that will be found in your dissertation, and it should comprise a starting point for your further development. Proposed methodology. In this part present your idea of in what way you are going to collect the evidence for your dissertation, how you are planning to analyze it. Usually it is the easiest part of a dissertation proposal, and it is not very difficult to write it as methods follow from the topic and the rese arch question.Provisional schedule. Create a plan of your future work, including the interim deadlines, tied to the calendar.Final Tip on Dissertation ProposalTo make sure that your dissertation proposal meets the general requirements, try to look through a dissertation proposal sample. You may ask your friends for a dissertation proposal sample or find it in the web. If you like the topic of your dissertation, proposal will become a very interesting piece of writing.

Relationship between Serving Space and Structural Elements in Louis Essay

Relationship between Serving Space and Structural Elements in Louis Kahns Laboratories and Museum - Essay Example Inspired by the outstanding architectural skills of Louis Kahn, Jonas Salk offered him to design the facility. Jonas Salk wanted this Institute to be constructed in a distinctive manner. Louis Kahn was hired to provide unobstructed and voluminous spaces inside the laboratory so that they could be adapted to the readily modifying scientific needs. The building materials were supposed to be durable, simple, strong, and free of maintenance to the maximum extent. Kahn created two mirror-image structures aside a large courtyard. The height of each building is six stories, with the three floors at the base being used as laboratories, whereas the top three floors meant to provide the users with access to the utilities. There are distinct towers that protrude into the courtyard and provide the users with space to conduct individual professorial studies. Separate ventilation, heating, and support systems have been installed in the towers located at the buildings’ eastern ends. Six floo rs at the western end of the buildings overlook the ocean. In total, the Institute has been formed by the linkage of 29 distinct structures. The impact of outstanding architecture of Louis Kahn can be assessed from the courtyard. Things that need to be taken into consideration include the creative use of space and the level of emphasis Kahn has placed upon the utilization of the natural light. To entertain the vision of Jonas Salk that the environment inside the Institute should be suitable for the conduction of scientific research, Louis Kahn allowed maximal in-pour of the natural light. Each of the four external walls of the laboratory at all levels have been constructed from large panes of...Louis Kahn’s architecture has maximized the usability of the structures in that the serving spaces are intrinsically related with the structural elements. Ranging from the series of light wells installed in the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, to the open ceiling of the entry por ch in the Richards Medical Research Laboratories, and the use of narrow pexiglass skylights in the Kimbell Art Museum, everything has been chosen and installed purposefully to maximize the usability, and aesthetic appeal for the public. Louis Kahn has taken the use of machines and tools to the apogee of architectonics, thus designing structures as composite of components that worked in mutual harmony. Not a single design proposed by Louis Kahn understates his expertise in making the best use of materials. An in-depth study and analysis of the architectural work of Louis Kahn suggests that he was ahead of his time, which is one reason why his work has a great influence on the contemporary architecture.

Community teaching work plan proposal Assignment

Community teaching work plan proposal - Assignment Example The theory is very significant because it incorporates both cognitive and behavior learning theories. The theory shall be utilized during teaching to change the behavior and attitude of the audience through giving them real examples on the advantages of healthy eating habits. Video shall be shown to the audience on how to plan their daily diet, and the audience shall be expected to practice that daily. NWS-10 Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese. There is increased number of children and adolescents who are obese in the countr, and the number is escalating at alarming rate. Poor eating habits have been associated as the major cause of this escalation. Obesity is one of the leading lifestyle diseases that cause morbidity and mortality in US. According to Alma ata health for all global initiative, one of the pillars is to increase healthy life expectancy to all. Therefore, this objective is anchored on this pillar since it aims at enhancing health. I shall evaluate the effectiveness of my teaching plan after teaching the audience; this shall be done immediately after the lesson. I shall achieve this through self-videotape during my teaching as well asking a colleague to observe me while I am teaching and offer me a genuine feedback on the overall teaching. The process of evaluation shall encompass: I identifying the program and setting objective, designing lesson to meet the objectives, carry out the learning activities, assess the audience learning, and finally use the assessment results to improve the program and objectives Some of the potential barriers shall be like: coping with grammar and jargons by the audience. I shall overcome this by the use of simple terms and avoid medical jargons. Another barrier can be of technological breakdown for example computer crash or problem with the overhead projector. This shall be overcome through the use of other backup system like having the teaching information printed on

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Reflection paper - Essay Example The politics in California have been and is strongly influenced by finances. Inadequacy of provisions that govern campaign, and election finance is a threat to democracy. It exposes the government and political parties to scandals and blackmails by private corporations that may be willing to finance campaigns so they may earn some favors from resulting government. This paper explores shortcomings of election finance provisions and the impending threat to democracy. Money has done much for California politics by making fundraising an acceptable evil. The political class may be the beneficiaries of such insufficiency of the law in the sense that, as it is now, campaign funding and fundraising provisions do not favor persons without connections and money to spend. This discourages participation. This paper will also explore the political class unwillingness to enact serious laws to reduce the influence justice in politics. According to federalism Fundraising (lobbying for the financial donation) remain the primary source of campaign money in California. The Political Action Committee collects funds from donors and spends them on behalf of the candidate. Since American politics is closely related to finance and no campaign, money means no vote, individuals, and political parties are advancing in method of appealing for funding by wealthy individuals and organization. In 2004, Howard Dean used the Internet to mobilize civilians for funding. This might have changed fundraising approach in America for good -which is much important than manifestos. Candidates have started using the latest technology called the Microtargeting- that has the capability to target only potential donors. (Washington Post) This show how important money is treated in politics. Raising more money increases the chances of obtaining votes as observed in 2012 presidential and Senate

Drug Use And Social Control Criminology Essay

Drug Use And Social Control Criminology Essay Drug use and addiction have been a long time burden for society. Over the years many programs have been developed to help curb illegal activity, however it still continues. While appropriate attempts to control drug abuse have surfaced, there have also been many that have proven counterproductive. There are a number of theories as to why these theories have developed, but one might speculate that it is because drug abuse has such a wide and varied effect on families, society as well as the criminal justice system. This creates many attempts at control and is possibly the biggest reason for the numerous factors that involve drug abuse and society. This paper will examine the reaction of society to drug abuse and the attempts that have been made to control such behavior. The Stigma Of Abuse There are many stigmas that surface in society, each ranging in severity and consequence. Society, as a whole is quick to judge others and make rash assumptions about the person, based on their actions or other limited information. Those that abuse illicit drugs are one of the most stigmatized groups in society today. There is a negative connotation at the mere speaking of drug abuse. Children are taught from an early age that drugs are bad and will lead them to a life full of crime and potentially even death. While these speculations are not inaccurate, it does send a message to youth that relays that people, who suffer from addiction, are bad and/or criminals (Ball, 2007). While these assumptions may be correct in some respects, it is inappropriate to generalize groups of people as a whole. There are a number of situations and circumstances that can cause addiction, not only poor personal choices. A stigma is defined as, an attribute that is deeply discrediting, occurs when an individual experiences social disqualification due to a specific attribute or flaw (Palamar, Kiang Halkitis, 2012). In lay terms, a stigma is a preconceived notion about an individual based on their actions or perceived actions. While most consider stigmas a negative concept, it appears to be engrained in human nature to engage in this type of behavior. According to Palamar, Kiang and Halkitis, stigmas are also based on the type of drug and method of use as well (2012 ). For example, some consider the harder drugs, such as heroin or amphetamines, to be the worst and those that use them as the worst addicts. The reason for the more negative assumptions may be based on the level of harm that the drug causes. Heroin and methamphetamine are known to cause severe health concerns and commonly lead to illegal behavior that has a negative effect on society. As harm comes to society, individuals quickly associat e the drug and caused actions, thereby creating animosity and fueling the stigma. In many cases, the stigma might be used as a form of punishment to the user that is hoped to curtail or prevent drug abuse. The theory being that if enough pressure is placed on the individual than they will stop using drugs however is rarely successful. Addiction is a disease and the mere words or negative attitudes of others are not sufficient in stopping the cycle of abuse (Tiger, 2011). Families, commonly put pressure on their loved ones, who are using drugs, possibly even not speaking to them, in hopes that they will wake up and cease their drug use. Even though stigmas are sometimes used to curb the problem, it oftentimes leads to additional problems. As these individuals attempt to mesh in society, by getting a job or attempting sobriety they are often frowned upon, which creates more distance. Many employers will not hire them, which facilitates unemployment, and continued drug abuse. Certainly, it is not the fault of the employer, but if the addict is not able to work and sustain a life by paycheck, they may return to stealing to support himself or family. The Criminal Justice System Legislation and laws are not new to the criminal justice system. There have been laws regarding illicit drug use for many years. What has changed in recent decades is the way that drug offenses are charged, handled and processed. There are approximately 2.3 billion offenders in jail or prison for drug offenses in the United States (Tiger, 2011). That is a significant increase over the past years and one might speculate that it is because of tougher laws, more enforcement and awareness about drug abuse than in past years. One of the most notable policy changes has come with the establishment of what is known as Drug Court. Originally introduced by the criminal court system, Drug Courts have been put in action to address drug offenses in a more efficient manner (Tiger, 2011). Before these specialty courts were established, an individual convicted of drug offenses, may be punished, fined or incarcerated and then returned to society. In addition to prison and jail overcrowding, society a lso noted that the system was not efficient and had poor results. Typically these individuals would be back in the court system very soon after their charge, for another drug offense. Not only does this place the individual at harm, it also creates a danger to society. An example of this harm is an individual convicted of driving while intoxicated and then has another accident that takes someones life. They were not helped by going to jail or having a court date, their alcoholism was never addressed, which meant that the legal system failed in many respects. In order to address these issues, the 1966 Narcotic Rehabilitation Act was established, which gave each state the right or ability to force an offender into treatment or rehabilitation (Tiger, 2011). This then gave way to court ordered treatment and thereby the drug court system. Drug court is meant to oversee the offender in many different aspects of their life. In addition to addressing their criminal behavior, they also oversee their addiction treatment while they are on probation per say. The individuals assigned to drug court are generally drug tested every month, required to pay a fine and also report for monthly appointments. By requiring drug treatment the individual is addressing their legal concerns, but also getting help for the root of the problem, which is addiction. Commonly, counseling and other therapeutic services are required of offenders to assist them in changing their life. Coerced Treatment As A Form Of Control Understandably, one of the first lines of defenses for families is coerced treatment. In most states there are laws and protections that allow a person, who is in danger of harm to be committed. In many cases, families are frustrated with their loved ones and fearful for their safety so they attempt to convince or force the person into treatment. Unfortunately, when an individual is an adult it is rather difficult to force them into treatment without legal action. This is generally only relevant to a person that is exhibiting suicidal or homicidal ideas and not a person using illicit drugs. Forcing treatment is mistakenly thought to be a line of defense, however rarely works because of the users rights and freedoms (Ball, 2007). While families or other loved ones cannot force their family member into treatment the court system does have the ability to require treatment. Most offenders take the offered help, however there are those that refuse treatment or counseling. Each individual is given the choice, granted it is either treatment or jail time, but they still have the choice. There are those that are in and out of the prison system, who never engage in treatment or accept help, thereby perpetuating the cycle of abuse. Prevention The War Against Drugs With the increase in the criminalization of drugs in the past 30 years there have also been numerous changes to prevention attempts (Ball, 2007). Almost every school and community proudly boosts the fact that they offer drug prevention and awareness education. There have been a number of programs that have been created based on educating the community about drugs, harms and fads that are present. The increased amount of drugs and detriment has caused an increase in media coverage and allowed people to become more aware of the prevalence of drug use. With that also came a demand for an increase in Federal funding for prevention measures, treatment and assistance for those of lower socio-economic status. One of the major themes of prevention is an attempt to learn more about the causes and risk factors of addiction. There has been a great deal of controversy over the years regarding the causes of addiction. The nature versus nurture argument suggests that individuals become who they are or engage in particular behavior based on either their genetics or influence of environment (Zimic Jukic, 2012). Some argue that individuals are born with the propensity to use drugs based on hereditary and genetic factors. This would mean that regardless of the type of parents or environment that a child grew up with that they would be genetically predisposed to use drugs. On the flip side of the argument, individuals are said to be shaped by their experiences throughout their lives. These experiences shape who they are and what types of behavior that they engage in. For example, a child that grows up in a home where drug abuse is prevalent would be more likely to follow in the same footsteps as their parents. Both theories make excellent points, and many choose to believe that individuals are influence by both genetics and their environment. Other factors that place individuals at a higher risk of drug abuse is lower socio-economic status, family problems, academic trouble, mental illness as well as a host of other factors (Zimic Jukic, 2012). In light of these factors being noted, programs have been established to combat the negative effects. Programs such as the girls and boys clubs and mentor groups are put into place to assist children that might be from broken homes, have poor parental support or be associating with the wrong crowd. These programs are aimed at prevention and cessation as a measure to reduce the amount of drug use as well as criminal behavior. These intervention programs are meant to assist parents in a better understanding of the needs of their children, the warning signs of drug abuse as well as the importance of the family role. For the child, the programs are meant for education, but also guidance and to learn improved coping skills or manners by which to deal with the stress or problems that ar e placing them at the greatest risk of abuse. Harm Reduction Theory The harm reduction theory is considered a method of control for both drug addicts and society in general. This thought process is based on the belief that certain types of treatment or prevention are less harmful than drug use or risky behavior (Ball, 2007). One of the best examples of this belief system is Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Methadone is a synthetic opiate that is used to keep heroin addicts from using illicit drugs (Zimic Jukic, 2012). Methadone blocks the opioid receptors in the brain, thereby preventing the addicts ability to get high from continued heroin abuse. Some suggest that the introduction of methadone is simply another drug, because it is addictive and the individual becomes physically dependent. Those that promote methadone treatment suggest that these individuals, even though they are addicted to methadone, can functionally normally within society. Rather than engaging in criminal activities for drug money, the individuals can work, engage in family activities and receive psychological counseling. Other forms of harm reduction programs and theories are centered on providing condoms or even clean needles for IV drug users. The theory behind this controversial practice is the hopes that there will be a decrease or reduction in the amount of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C and tuberculosis (Ball, 2007). Society and families have long stood against illegal drug use. There are a number of programs and prevention attempts that are currently used. While this assistance is used as a manner of control the negative stigma about drug users is still very prevalent in todays society. Drug users are frowned upon and typically have a difficult time in society because of their choices and actions. It is important that society continue educating about drugs, harms and how perceived attitudes can further the problems. Education and continued address are the best lines of defense for prevention. Additional research into addiction and better therapy or treatment could also assist society in gaining better control of the problems at hand.

The Irony Of Lord Jim :: Essays Papers

The Irony Of Lord Jim Lord Jim was written by Joseph Conrad in 1900. Lord Jim’s tale is a lesson in life. It includes many key literary aspects; the main one, nevertheless, would be irony. With parts of the story exhibiting heroic redemption and others cowardice and shortcomings, it shows the vast conflicts that take place in the story. Lord Jim shows the many hardships the main character,Tuan Jim or Lord Jim, had to go through with great detail. Lord Jim tests the basic worth of a man and the truth that lies within one’s soul. The central irony in this book balances itself upon morality and guilt with a tragic result. Jim’s soul continued to torture itself for the betrayal he performed when he left the Patna to sink. Jim’s soul would forever punish him for the unspeakable act he committed when he left the Patna to sink. As so, Jim was destined to live the rest of his life in misery when he left the eight hundred passengers to die. The Patna incident caused a chain of self hatred and self loathing that would go on until Jim’s death. Jim’s ever churning soul made him very unhappy. Fighting constantly within himself made Jim experience extreme guilt and anguish. The way Jim struggled on the inside caused Jim to seem lack luster and lazy on the outside. If Jim would have been more at peace with his soul he would not have been in such pain. Being that Jim was somewhat innocent when he first became a water clerk aboard the Patna; he lacked the mental toughness that would be crucial in key situations. With virtue and perseverance Jim struggled on. Trying to find his inner self and to become a good sailor was important to Jim. Forced into maturing because of the importance of his job; Jim often felt isolated and alone. But his love for the sea kept him going even in tough times; ironically it would be the same love that would lead to his destruction. Indeed, Jim had a great love for the sea. He respected it and its powers. Although it took a tragic event to learn the seas authoritative powers , Jim still admired it. The sea was Jim’s motivation and his passion.

Internal Migration in India and Citizenship implications

An essay on eye-scanning, Indian's floating population and inclusive governance. â€Å"That will give me an identity,† he said, gesturing at the computer station where he had Just completed his enrolment. â€Å"It will show that I am a human being, that I am alive, that I live on this planet. It will prove I am an Indian. † – Mohammed Jail, (New York Times 2011 Introduction The 2011 report of the MIAMI on internal migration and human development in India estimated the number of internal migrants to be around 400 million people, at that time roughly a third of the total population.The MIMI was launched by EUNICE and UNESCO to respond to the many problems existing around this population, also referred to as the ‘floating population'. These migrants, often never really settled, face great difficulties in accessing social security as this is often linked to residence. This is but one of the many ways in which these people are treated as ‘second-class citi zens', discrimination, a lack of political representation and low wage work being other examples. The aim of the MIMI to ensure: â€Å"†¦ Hat processes of urban development are socially equitable† 2 crystallized In the launching of an â€Å"informal outwork of 200 researchers, NAGS, policy makers. I-JNI agencies and key partners† focused on raising attention given to internal migrants in policy and practices (UNESCO, 2011). The Indian government project called ‘Dharma' might be an interesting development to these problems. It is a hugely scoped project aimed at providing all Indian residents with an identity by scanning their eyes and entrusting them with a number, enabling them to claim for example social benefits and a bank account .In this paper I seek to answer the question whether this project might actually benefit this floating population, and how this can be embedded In a broader discussion on citizenship and legibility. Indian's floating population' As the MIMI report stressed to be the basis for its creation, the internal migrant population of India has up till now received very little attention from either research or polices, partly because of the difficulties In gathering data. Most attention got diverted to international migrants, as their positive potential to contribute to development was well researched and backed by political and economic interest.First of all, speaking of the floating population does ignore the diverse backgrounds, practices and reasons to migrate of the people concerned. Goodling and West (2002) stress in their paper on the floating population in China that there is no set definition for this concept. It Is mostly used to denote the part of a population someplace else than where they are registered (Ibid. , 2002). Definitions and ambiguities put aside, this category does provide us with new and potentially better tailored ways of looking at urban development issues.A quick glance at Indian swapper a rticles concerning internal migrants helps gain some insight in the myriad of problems surrounding this issue. A 2012 article in the Times of India reports how the floating population (in Locknut, India), mostly not accounted for in enumerations, appear to be the cause of major water shortages, as the water supply is based on the number of permanently settled. Other articles report discrimination migrants face. An article from 2008 (CNN- BIN)4 for instance shows how migrants become the subject of political discrimination and commotion in Iambi.Political leaders articulate and incite an anger against the migrants, aerating an ‘other' which is blamed to be an economic burden, obstructing the freedom of ‘normal' citizens and â€Å"milking Mamba's resources† (Ibid. 2008). Whereas some government policies seek to tackle the problems surrounding this population through settlement relocation and infrastructural improvements (Times of India 2013)5, initiatives such as the aforementioned MIMI pursue making them visible and included in society.As was shortly noted in the introduction, the MIMI recognizes a trend of expanded use of rights based approaches in Indian law and policy. This generally means a ore equal citizenship and ways of governing, as government institutions are built more around the focus of ensuring and fulfilling human rights of all. The Indian Supreme Court has been a fundamental actor in demanding this change in government approach, and has for instance ordered the government in 2001 to provide a daily warm meal to every Indian schoolchild as part of the right to food.But how to ensure and fulfill the rights of those who can't be seen? In the particular case of the MIMI it means: â€Å"focus development of policy frameworks and practical strategies awards ensuring that all migrants have access to services and entitlements as enshrined in policies and law; and that urban settlements become inclusive spaces as they expand in size an d diversity'. In practice it means slow and arduous changes and redefinitions of social and economic rights.As the migrants are politically underrepresented, lobbying on their behalf is done largely by bodies such as the IM†. One particular government project might provide the nation's poor, as well as the floating ones, a shortcut to claiming some of the rights hitherto denied to them. Scanning eyes and citizenship As of 2009 the Indian government has initiated a project aimed at identifying and registering all 1. 2 billion Indian residents and giving them an identification number: Dharma. It is done combined with a retina-scan to ensure the uniqueness of the identity.As Sabine Demented, working for one of the companies hired to carry out the identification, puts it: â€Å"It will enable people to open checking accounts, apply for loans, insurance, pensions, property deeds, etc. What's more, the government wants to make sure that welfare benefits go directly to the right per son† (Saffron Magazine, 010). The only demands made of people in order to register are a retina-scan and fingerprint, name, gender (even transgender is possible), address and date of birth. Million people as of March 20146.For one, it circumvents the widely used village- based identity system, making it hard or impossible for migrants to claim rights in a place where they are not registered. Some of the other assumed potentials, as framed in an article by the New York Times (2011)7, are ways in which citizenship will be less mediated through caste- , religious- or kin groups, but rather through an individual national identity. For the floating population, who often experience discrimination based on their respective group-identity, or exclusion because a lack thereof, this might prove to be a real structural change to their good.It is also argued that this form of e-governance bypasses corruption, which is often linked to the inability of the poor to assert their rights throug h official bodies. Interaction with the state is hence deadline from local gatekeepers, which is important as, according to the Dharma director Ram Seven Sahara: â€Å"One cannot improve human beings†¦ But nee can certainly improve systems†. This, of course, is questionable in its own right.Reanimating (2012) sees this kind of service-consumer relationship, as is excreted through such systems, as a hindrance to political citizenship and a representative democracy (p. 129). Accessibility might be improved, but the means to criticize remain weak. As the project is still being implemented it is not easy nor feasible to entirely predict its potentials or flaws. In theory, though, one could wonder to what extension this project really brings about a first-class citizenship for all. The simplicity of the Dharma identification number gives it great inclusive strength.Whereas before traditional group- or village based identification made it hard for internal migrants to claim ce rtain rights, as the negotiation is often done through the same channels, a more direct way of interacting with government services has been made possible. The simplicity also lays bare the eventual narrow implications to the poor. As Harvey stresses in ‘The Right to the City (2003): â€Å"The freedom to make and remake ourselves and our cities is, I want to argue, one of the most precious yet most neglected of our human rights† (p. 2).If citizenship means recognition by state and law and henceforth attaining the human rights bestowed upon citizens in a democracy, Dharma falls short in scope. It does not enable people to vote, nor does it empower them in gaining settlement rights. Furthermore, although it is not something to blame the project itself for, other structural as well as social and economic constraints keeping the floating population away from full citizenship still remain firmly rooted. Still too little attention is directed towards tackling real societal pr oblems, such as discriminatory practices and uncontrolled arbitration.To conclude, I do believe the first steps toward including this huge neglected part of the Indian population are being taken, and that in itself can be seen as a very good development indeed. Improving legibility, which this project in essence is to the government ( and which James Scott might condemn in other conditions), can in such abominable conditions of inequality truly contribute to strengthening the position of the weakest, albeit in really small steps.

Marketing Plan Essay

Introduction Marketing plan plays a key role in business management. The essay would explain and cover what is a marketing plan, its role and nature, structure of marketing plan, the relationship between a marketing plan and a business plan, the uses of marketing plan, elements of marketing plan, the purpose of each element, the links between marketing plan elements and their independence, the misconception between marketing plans and the conclusion. The role and Nature of Marketing Plan The role of marketing plan is to clarify the key marketing element in a business and it plans the objectives, directions and activities of the business and employees. Marketing plan broadens the perspective which is outlined in a business plan. The role of marketing plan is to focus on four issues, i.e. promotion, price, product and the place. A marketing plan has its nature. It is a written document that states the key actions to achieve the marketing objectives. The marketing plan covers a period of one to five years. It can be part of the entire business plan. A Marketing plan which has no strategic foundation is not that effective. The importance of this is to specify the plan from the general objectives to single action plan of one marketing program (Fifield, 2007). The formal marketing plan is very critical as it provides an unambiguous reference point for the activities to be performed in the planning period. The benefit of these plans is in the planning activity itself. This process gives a unique opportunity and focused discussions between the persons involved. The marketing plan and the associated discussions then provides an agreed plan for the subsequent management activities including those not described in the plan itself. A classic marketing plan appears in the form of budgets. Since they are quantified, they are very essential (Ferrell, 2008). Therefore, they  represent the projection of actions and the expected results. The main role of marketing budgets is to put together all costs and revenues which were involved in marketing into a single comprehensive document. Marketing plan is used to monitor the performance in practice. A marketing plan should start with a brief summary of the recommendations and the main goals. This summary helps the senior management to get the major thrust. The table of contents then follows and it outlines the plan and the supporting rationale and operational detail follows the executive summary (Luther, 2011). Discussion of what is a marketing plan? What is the relationship between a marketing plan and a business plan? What are marketing plans used for? A marketing plan can be defined as a business document which is written with the aim of describing the market position of the business and its marketing strategy for a given time in the marketing plan. The marketing plan describes the advertising efforts for the coming years, and it includes a statement of the situation of marketing, the discussions of markets targeted, the position of the company and the description of plans which intend to be used to reach marketing goals (McDonald, 2007). The relationship between marketing plan and business plans Business plan are written so as to prove the value and feasibility of new ideas of the business. A business plan is drafted when opening a new business and the plan should be reviewed and adjusted especially when the operations have expanded or diversified. The business objectives and the strategy of value creation are included in the business plan (Jain, 2009). The business plan also provides a wide overview of the business like, operations, information of staff, marketing, location and financial aspects. Sometimes, business plan is used as a financial tool where it provides the lenders with the necessary information if the business is viable, financially stable and able to repay. Business plan does not only help in developing competitive strategies, but also it determines if the business activity matches the forecasted plans (Burrow, 2012). In marketing plans, it analyzes the potential customers of the products and explains what motivates them to buying. This enables the organization to fine tune their products or services to attract and keep customers. Then marketing plan also includes the nature of the competition, market size, potential price and the  potential strategies for reaching the customers. Market plan identifies price points, competition and target markets. It tries to explain how the organization attracts customers through trade show participation, advertisements and new referrals. It also explains how the business will overcome the competitive problems from other businesses (Pride, 2012). Uses of marketing plans The market plan can be very important when introducing a new product or service or even a line of new products. These plans should have details that will ensure the product would be successful in the market and to the intended customers. The company should write a market plan for each new services or products since each product needs a different approach to sell it (Jain, 2009). The market plans can also be drafted when a certain company has a plan to seek gestures from new market. For instance, a company in a particular state and planning to move into another state and compete with another market may need ways on how to market their services and products in the new location. Therefore, the market plan is written before the company is migrated (McDonald, 2007). Market plan is set to help the business set and achieve their goals. This plan includes information of the products offered in the company and how they will help the company achieve its goals. A market plan is also set to direct, establish, and coordinate a company’s sales. First the market plan defines the purpose of the specific plan, which is then followed by specific and clear directions of putting the plans in place (Ferrell, 2008). The other plan tries to explain and coordinate the methods for marketing task. Structure of Marketing Plan The structure of business plan can be designed in different ways. The plan can be a few thought scrawled on a bar napkin or it can be a high PowerPoint show. The most commonly used structure is the AOSTC format. This format stands for analysis, objective, tactics, and control. All these sections act differently in an organization (Fifield, 2007). Analysis- this section deals with the situation of the company at the time the plan is drafted. It is made of two subsections which are external audit and internal audit. The internal audit handles and talks more about the situation and what goes on in the company that affects marketing, like sales history, budgets and  structure. On the other hand, external audit focuses on the outside environment in response to its effect on the plan. The outside considerations include competition, opportunities industry news and events (Luther, 2001). The other is the strategies and Tactics- it is used to outline the ways of achieving the objectives one by one. The strategies deal with the big picture and tactics handles the details. For instance, increase internet presence is usually a strategy. Establishing a face book page or a web page presence would be tactics in that strategy (McDonald, 2007). For good strategies and tactic, they take in account both analysis and objectives sections of the plan. Control- this is how you measure progress in the achievement of the objective. This section is controlled by the timed and measurable nature of the set objectives. The control process is made up of key benchmarks, which set sub goals to rate the progress towards the objective. For instance, 12 percent sale increase in six months objective should be analyzed on monthly bases. If the progress states that the sales have increased by 2 percent in a month, which means the company is on the right track for goals accomplishment. Fall in sales means that the strategies and tactics should be reviewed (Ferrell, 2008). Elements of Marketing Plan The elements of a marketing plan are a rough guide of documents of plans to be done and why it should be done. For a market plan to be good it should contain the following: Defining what to achieve- goals should be set to provide an overarching statement on what to achieve. Some of the goals are: raising awareness of the school, increasing the products in the business and introducing new products or services in the business. One should also know there objectives. The objectives should be SMART i.e. specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timed (Luther, 2011). Situation analysis- this is a very good idea to analyze the current situation and the outlook in terms ways which will influence the strategies and plan. Then one should know the strategies to use. The strategies usually describe how the objectives are achieved. This plan should contain ways which tries to address elements addressed by the SWOT analysis (McDonald, 2007). Segmentation- at this section, one should underst and the segments and love what is been offered and why. If one doesn’t love it, then they are not ready to build and manage  a marketing plan and they should go back and find what to offer and a set of markets. In this section, one documents with much details from segments one is targeting. Who are the groups, their characteristics and on how to identify them (Luther, 2011). Competitive Alternatives- this is a drafted list of the alternative of the products the customers would consider from the ones been offered. This section helps one to articulate what differentiates the products one is offering from the others in the same field. They are usually micro and not detailed features (Jain, 2009). Differentiated points of value- for this section, you should ask yourself the top 3 or 4 differentiators which you are offering and it differs from the other. This should not be about the features or technology. It includes services like delivery options, pricing, ease of use, and time to value among others. Messaging and positioning is another which involves working on the previous segments. It creates a lot of messages for the sections. In this segment, you should create not more than 3 or 4 messages that cross your main points (Pride, 2012). Marketing goals and measures- this is about the goals one has for the marketing plan. This section is set for marketing goals in a period covered in the marketing plan. The objectives states were one need to be. For an objective to be effective, it must be specific and detailed. Many of the companies use the term SMART to define a well defined objective. This term in objectivity means smart, measurable, achievable, realistic and timed. One should also ask about the metrics they would use which are related with the drafted goals. For, instance one can decide that the increase of the customer by a certain percentage is the main goal. This acquisition can be tied by visiting product signups, blog signups emails, abandon rates and many others (Fifield , 2007). Tactical plan, owners, budget- this are the plans which are used to implement the strategies. The plans should be detailed sufficiently to allocate, budget, resource, and to monitor progress. They should have timeframes and also allocate responsibilities. In regard to the above goals and measures, this is where you set the marketing plans so that they can drive those results and the cost which are related to those tactics. This tactics are divided into discreet items of work and assigned to an owner. And lastly is the timeline which needs to be broken down into plotted on timeline and work items hence they can be tracked on a regular basis (McDonald, 2007). Links between  Marketing Plan Elements Clearly discussion of links and/or independence between marketing plan elements The marketing plans elements can be linked through its objectives and goals. The objective and goals of the marketing plan should be SWOT (Strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats). Strengths- when listing the marketing plan, you should list the main strengths of that company and products/services. This section should not only include the strong holds of your business or products but also its profit margins, similar strengths and the successful current marketing campaign. These strengths are only related to your business only because they are internal factors (Jain, 2009). Weaknesses- for this section, the weakness of the business and products/services should be listed. The plan includes the areas that you feel need improvement in the business or the challenges which are limiting the expansions of the business. Weakness is also internal factors and addresses your business only (Burrow, 2012). Opportunities- when drafting the business plan, you should list the best opportunities which you believe would change your business or a new business which you believe your business can succeed. One should always know that a weakness can be an opportunity. If the weakness in a business is fixed, quality is maintained and faster delivery to customers is achieved. The section of opportunities is always external but they rely on the internal strengths (Burrow, 2012). Threats- what is believed to be the threat to business should be listed. Some of them include the government regulations, competitors, and changes in customer attitude towards the products or services and others. Threats are from external but also they rely on internal weakness or external factors which limit your resource or strengths (Luther, 2011). Assumptions Discussion of common misconceptions relating to a marketing plan Most of the companies have misconceptions about marketing which hinder them from promoting their products and services incase of competitive market. Some of the misconceptions are as follows. â€Å"The company is too small and does not need a marking plan†- marketing plan is always the blueprint on how to market your business. Its main purpose is to outline your messages, target audience, tactics, channels, budgets and offers. Without this plan, one can confuse prospects with wasting money. Every business even the small ones need a plan so as to run effectively (Ferrell, 2008). â€Å"We know what the customers want†-your currents customers are the  best prospects and it’s very important to understand customers. What they think, why they like buying from you etc. Many marketers usually think that they know what the customer think but they might go wrong (McDonald, 2007). â€Å"We need to market only so that we can prospects, but not the customers†- as a marketer you should not assume a customer. Every customer needs to be reinforced regularly so as to continue buying from you and not the competitor. As you promote to prospects, remember to promote to customers (Pride, 2012). â€Å"Though we can’t afford, we would like to market†- many marketers make wrong assumptions about the cost of marketing especially advertising in the media. One should never rule out a certain channel because they think it’s expensive. You may find that channel you ignored you could have accessed affordably (Burrow, 2012). â€Å"We don’t have to be on the social medial†- whatever you sell, you can attract your customers. If you can’t market your products, your competitors are actively been engaged in the media (Jain, 2009). Conclusion Marketing plan plays a key role in business management. It is the core blueprint which states the company’s overall marketing efforts. Marketing plans usually draw inputs from the functions are team initiated. Marketing planning is usually a continuous process which responds to changing market conditions. Marketing plans analyzes the potential customers and products and explains what motivates them for buying. Then marketing plan also includes the nature of the competition, market size, potential price and the potential strategies for reaching the customers. This enables the organization to fine tune their products or services to attract and keep customers. Market plan identifies price points, competition and target markets. It tries to explain how the organization attracts customers through trade show participation, advertisements and new referrals. It also explains how the business will overcome the competitive problems from other businesses. References Ferrell, O. (2008). Marketing strategy. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western. Fifield, P. (2007). Marketing strategy the difference between marketing and markets. Amsterdam McDonald, M. (2007). Marketing plans : how to prepare them, how to use them. Amsterdam Boston London: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Luther, W. (2011). The marketing plan : how to prepare and implement it. New York: AMACOM. Jain, S. (2009). Marketing planning and strategy. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning. Pride, W. (2012). Marketing. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Burrow, J. (2012). Marketing. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.